ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Inducible formation of breast cancer stem cells and their dynamic equilibrium with non-stem cancer cells via IL6 secretion.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 352 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
352 citing papers in PubMed, 640 citations in OpenAlex.
- Response and recurrence correlates in individuals treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy for resectable oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Trial
- The metabolic profiles of cancer stem cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Targeting neuropilin-1 and neutralizing interleukin-6 inhibits cancer stem cell formation in bladder cancer cells.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Mineralized Cryogel/Hydrogel Constructs to Recapitulate Early Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis In Vitro.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Spatial self-organization of cancer stem cell niches revealed by live single-cell imaging.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- SIX1 transmits signals for breast cancer progression via the ZEB1/IL6/STAT3 signaling axis.Oncogene · 2025Article
- Cancer stem cells: landscape, challenges and emerging therapeutic innovations.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Tumor extracellular matrix enhances invasive gene expression of breast cancer cells in 3D patient-derived scaffolds.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The dual role of autophagy in cancer stem cells: implications for tumor progression and therapy resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Phenotypic plasticity and secretory heterogeneity in subpopulations derived from single cancer cell.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- Lineage Tracing and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveal a Common Transcriptional State in Breast Cancer Tumor-Initiating Cells Characterized by IFN/STAT1 Activity.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Unraveling the triad of hypoxia, cancer cell stemness, and drug resistance.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Targeting unique ligand binding domain structural features downregulates DKK1 in Y537S ESR1 mutant breast cancer cells.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Interleukin-6 Modulation in Ovarian Cancer Necessitates a Targeted Strategy: From the Approved to Emerging Therapies.Cancers · 2024Review
- Lactylation in cancer: Mechanisms in tumour biology and therapeutic potentials.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- Cancer stem cells: advances in the glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Targeting Unique Ligand Binding Domain Structural Features Downregulates DKK1 in Y537SResearch square · 2024Article
- Targeting Unique Ligand Binding Domain Structural Features Downregulates DKK1 in Y537SbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Tumor Microenvironment Landscapes Supporting EGFR-mutant NSCLC Are Modulated at the Single-cell Interaction Level by Unesbulin Treatment.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- Article
292 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumors are often heterogeneous, being composed of multiple cell types with different phenotypic and molecular properties. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a highly tumorigenic cell type found in developmentally diverse tumors or cancer cell lines, and they are often resistant to standard chemotherapeutic drugs. The origins of CSCs and their relationships to nonstem cancer cells (NSCCs) are poorly understood. In an inducible breast oncogenesis model, CSCs are generated from nontransformed cells at a specific time during the transformation process, but CSC formation is not required for transformation. MicroRNA profiles indicate that CSCs and NSCCs are related, but different cell types arising from a common nontransformed population. Interestingly, medium from the transformed population stimulates NSCCs to become CSCs, and conversion of NSCCs to CSCs occurs in mouse xenografts. Furthermore, IL6 is sufficient to convert NSCCs to CSCs in genetically different breast cell lines, human breast tumors, and a prostate cell line. Thus, breast and prostate CSCs and NSCCs do not represent distinct epigenetic states, and these CSCs do not behave as or arise from classic stem cells. Instead, tumor heterogeneity involves a dynamic equilibrium between CSCs and NSCCs mediated by IL6 and activation of the inflammatory feedback loop required for oncogenesis. This dynamic equilibrium provides an additional rationale for combining conventional chemotherapy with metformin, which selectively inhibits CSCs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.