Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21219164›Full record

ReviewAnnual review of public health2011

Toward a fourth generation of disparities research to achieve health equity.

Stephen B Thomas, Sandra Crouse Quinn, James Butler, Craig S Fryer, Mary A Garza

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annual review of public health, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06182475 (Increasing Equity in Live Donor Kidney Transplantation Through Effective Patient-Provider Communication), which is not on this map. Cited by 148 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
148citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
56.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06182475 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Increasing Equity in Live Donor Kidney Transplantation Through Effective Patient-Provider Communication

TypeinterventionalSponsorTemple UniversityRan2026 to 2027Enrolled70ConditionsKidney Disease, Chronic, End Stage Renal Disease, Kidney ReplacementArmsEPPComm Provider Training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

148 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 315 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Public Health's Approach to Systemic Racism: a Systematic Literature Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2019
    Pooled it
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  14. Discussing the Interplay of Social Determinants of Health, Aging, and Alzheimer's Biomarkers in U.S. Latinos.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025
    Review
  15. Article
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  17. Transitioning from Health Disparities to Health Equity.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2025
    Article
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  20. Article

88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Stephen B ThomasCenter for Health Equity, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742-2611, USA. sbt@umd.edu
Sandra Crouse Quinn
James Butler
Craig S Fryer
Mary A Garza
University of Maryland, College Park · US

Funding

RESEARCH TRAINING COREP60MD000207 · NIMHD · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI THOMAS, STEPHEN B. · 2002 to 2011
$10.8M
Building Trust Between Minorities and ResearchersRC2MD004766 · NIMHD · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI QUINN, SANDRA CROUSE, THOMAS, STEPHEN B. · 2009 to 2010
$4.0M
Smoking Cessation among Residents of Public HousingK01CA134939 · NCI · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI BUTLER III, JAMES · 2009 to 2013
$652k
Correlates of Nicotine Dependence among Urban African American YouthK01CA148789 · NCI · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI FRYER, CRAIG S. · 2010 to 2014
$633k
NCI NIH HHS K01 CA134939NCI NIH HHS K01 CA148789NIMHD NIH HHS 7RC2MD004766NIMHD NIH HHS P60 MD000207NIMHD NIH HHS PG60MD000207NIMHD NIH HHS RC2 MD004766
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Achieving health equity, driven by the elimination of health disparities, is a goal of Healthy People 2020. In recent decades, the improvement in health status has been remarkable for the U.S. population as a whole. However, racial and ethnic minority populations continue to lag behind whites with a quality of life diminished by illness from preventable chronic diseases and a life span cut short by premature death. We examine a conceptual framework of three generations of health disparities research to understand (a) data trends, (b) factors driving disparities, and (c) solutions for closing the gap. We propose a new, fourth generation of research grounded in public health critical race praxis, utilizing comprehensive interventions to address race, racism, and structural inequalities and advancing evaluation methods to foster our ability to eliminate disparities. This new generation demands that we address the researcher's own biases as part of the research process.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesHealth Status DisparitiesResearchAchievementFamily CharacteristicsHumans

Identifiers

PMID21219164
PMCPMC3419584
OpenAlexW2096350458

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.