Trial reportAnnals of surgery2011
A lethally irradiated allogeneic granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor-secreting tumor vaccine for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A Phase II trial of safety, efficacy, and immune activation.
Trial report in Annals of surgery, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02004262 (A Phase 2B, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter, Open-Label Study of the Efficacy and Immune Response of GVAX Pancreas Vaccine), which is not on this map. Cited by 228 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 2B, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter, Open-Label Study of the Efficacy and Immune Response of GVAX Pancreas Vaccine (With Cyclophosphamide) and CRS 207 Compared to Chemotherapy or to CRS-207 Alone in Adults With Previously-Treated Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Who cites it
228 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 396 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Confounding Role of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Animal Models of Cancer Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2024Pooled it
- A Randomized Phase II Study: CRS207/GVAX plus Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA4 Recruits Mesothelin- and mKRAS-Specific T Cells into PDAC.Cancer immunology research · 2026Trial
- Vaccine-Induced Intratumoral Lymphoid Aggregates Correlate with Survival Following Treatment with a Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Vaccine in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021Trial
- Systemic Immune Activity Predicts Overall Survival in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2016Trial
- Gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy as adjuvant to surgery or chemoradiation for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2015Trial
- Safety and survival with GVAX pancreas prime and Listeria Monocytogenes-expressing mesothelin (CRS-207) boost vaccines for metastatic pancreatic cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2015Trial
- A feasibility study of cyclophosphamide, trastuzumab, and an allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting breast tumor vaccine for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2014Trial
- Immunotherapy converts nonimmunogenic pancreatic tumors into immunogenic foci of immune regulation.Cancer immunology research · 2014Trial
- Mucin 1-specific active cancer immunotherapy with tecemotide (L-BLP25) in patients with multiple myeloma: an exploratory study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Trial
- Evaluation of ipilimumab in combination with allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells transfected with a GM-CSF gene in previously treated pancreatic cancer.Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) · 2013Trial
- Synthetic long peptide and DNA personalized cancer vaccines induce robust neoantigen-specific T cell responses in pancreatic cancer.Science advances · 2026Article
- Challenges and opportunities in combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy for localized pancreatic cancer.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Emerging Precision Therapeutic Strategies in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: KRAS Targeting, DDR Vulnerabilities, Immune Redirection, and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Microneedle-based theranostics for melanoma: Advances and outlook.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Advanced Human Immune Cell-Organoid Co-Cultures for Functional Testing of Cancer Nanovaccines.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Safety and immunologic impact of neoadjuvant/adjuvant GVAX, cyclophosphamide, pembrolizumab, and anti-CSF1R agent IMC-CS4 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Evaluating mesothelin as an immunotherapeutic target for endogenous T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Adjuvant multimodality immunotherapy in resected high-risk pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Research progress on the influence of tumor microenvironment on immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy as a partner for immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer: current landscape and future directions.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
168 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSurgical resection provides the only possibility of cure for pancreas cancer. A standard adjuvant approach has not been established. We tested the safety and efficacy of a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-based immunotherapy administered in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND
methodsA single institution phase II study of 60 patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma was performed. Each immunotherapy treatment consisted of a total of 5 × 108 GM-CSF-secreting cells distributed equally among 3 lymph node regions. The first immunotherapy treatment was administered 8 to 10 weeks after surgical resection. Subsequently, patients received 5-FU based chemoradiation. Patients who remained disease-free after completion of chemoradiotherapy received treatments 2 to 4, each 1 month apart. A fifth and final booster was administered 6 months after the fourth immunotherapy. The primary endpoint was disease free survival and secondary endpoints were overall survival and toxicity, and the induction of mesothelin specific T cell responses.
resultsThe median disease-free survival is 17.3 months (95% CI, 14.6-22.8) with median survival of 24.8 months (95% CI, 21.2-31.6). The administration of immunotherapy was well tolerated. In addition, the post-immunotherapy induction of mesothelin-specific CD8+ T cells in HLA-A1+ and HLA-A2+patients correlates with disease-free survival.
conclusionsAn immunotherapy approach integrated with chemoradiation is safe and demonstrates an overall survival that compares favorably with published data for resected pancreas cancer. These data suggest additional boost immunotherapies given at regular intervals beyond 1 year postsurgery should be tested in future studies, and provide the rationale for conducting a multicenter phase II study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.