ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2011
Invasive bacterial and fungal infections among hospitalized HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults and adolescents in northern Tanzania.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of fever of unidentified aetiology in East African adolescents and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the aetiological agents of non-malarial febrile illnesses in Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Magnitude ofAfrican health sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Zoonotic causes of febrile illness in malaria endemic countries: a systematic review.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Africa and Asia.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Pooled it
- Using hospital-based studies of community-onset bloodstream infections to make inferences about typhoid fever incidence.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2019Pooled it
- Aetiology and outcomes of sepsis in adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2019Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Incidence, Risk Factors and Case Fatality Rates of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Disease in Africa (1966 to 2014).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Pooled it
- Etiology of Severe Febrile Illness in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- A Randomized Trial to Assess the Impact of a Package of Diagnostic Tools and Diagnostic Algorithm on Antibiotic Prescriptions for the Management of Febrile Illnesses Among Children and Adolescents in Primary Health Facilities in Burkina Faso.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Prevalence and speciation of brucellosis in febrile patients from a pastoralist community of Tanzania.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- The impact of anthelmintic treatment intervention on malaria infection and anaemia in school and preschool children in Magu district, Tanzania: an open label randomised intervention trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- Predictors and outcomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia among patients with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection enrolled in the ACTG A5221 STRIDE study.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- C-reactive Protein in TB Meningitis: Signal, Surrogate, or Saboteur?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Pediatric Bloodstream Infections in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, and Predictors of Mortality.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Deploying Metagenomics to Characterize Microbial Pathogens During Outbreak of Acute Febrile Illness Among Children in Tanzania.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Derivation and Internal Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model for Diagnosis of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses in Northern Tanzania.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Metagenomic Detection of Bacterial Zoonotic Pathogens among Febrile Patients, Tanzania, 2007-2009Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Leptospirosis Cases among Outpatients with Non-Malaria Fever Attending Primary Care Clinics during the Rainy Season in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundfew studies describe patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infections in African hospitals in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era.
methodswe enrolled consecutive admitted patients aged ≥ 13 years with oral temperature of ≥ 38.0°C during 1 year in Moshi, Tanzania. A standardized clinical history and physical examination was done and hospital outcome recorded. HIV antibody testing, aerobic and mycobacterial blood cultures, and malaria film were performed. HIV-infected patients also received serum cryptococcal antigen testing and CD4(+) T lymphocyte count (CD4 cell count).
resultsof 403 patients enrolled, the median age was 38 years (range, 14-96 years), 217 (53.8%) were female, and 157 (39.0%) were HIV-infected. Of HIV-infected patients, the median CD4 cell count was 98 cells/μL (range, 1-1,105 cells/ μL), 20 (12.7%) were receiving ART, and 29 (18.5%) were receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. There were 112 (27.7%) patients who had evidence of invasive disease, including 26 (23.2%) with Salmonella serotype Typhi infection, 24 (21.4%) with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, 17 (15.2%) with Cryptococcus neoformans infection, 12 (10.7%) with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection, 8 (7.1%) with Plasmodium falciparum infection, and 7 (6.3%) with Escherichia coli infection. HIV infection was associated with M. tuberculosis and C. neoformans bloodstream infection but not with E. coli, S. pneumoniae, or P. falciparum infection. HIV infection appeared to be protective against Salmonella. Typhi bloodstream infection (odds ratio, .12; P = .001).
conclusionswhile Salmonella Typhi and S. pneumoniae were the most common causes of invasive infection overall, M. tuberculosis and C. neoformans were the leading causes of bloodstream infection among HIV-infected inpatients in Tanzania in the ART era. We demonstrate a protective effect of HIV against Salmonella. Typhi bloodstream infection in this setting. HIV co-infections continue to account for a large proportion of febrile admissions in Tanzania.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.