ArticleEukaryotic cell2011
The pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis exports extracellular vesicles containing highly immunogenic α-Galactosyl epitopes.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers.
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113 citing papers in PubMed, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles in human fungal pathogens: Biogenesis, functions, and translational applications.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- The 'sugar' side of extracellular vesicle-glycome: a panorama from basic characteristics, deciphering technologies, functions, to applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Conjugates of α-d-Galp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp for the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles From Fungal Infection in Humans: A Key Player in Immunological Responses.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Things you wanted to know about fungal extracellular vesicles (but were afraid to ask).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Characterizing extracellular vesicles of human fungal pathogens.Nature microbiology · 2025Review
- The impact of Aureobasidium melanogenum cells and extracellular vesicles on human cell lines.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Deciphering cargo contents in extracellular vesicles ofComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Unveiling the fungal frontier: mycological insights into inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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- Extracellular vesicles from virulentVirulence · 2024Article
- Fungal Extracellular Vesicle Proteins with Potential in Biological Interaction.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles and endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Review
- Importance of Non-Covalent Interactions in Yeast Cell Wall Molecular Organization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- RNA-containing extracellular vesicles in infection.RNA biology · 2024Review
- An α-Gal antigenic surrogate as a biomarker of treatment evaluation in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected children. A retrospective cohort study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Professor Luiz R. Travassos and the study of surface structures of fungal pathogens.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory Potential of Fungal Extracellular Vesicles: Insights for Therapeutic Applications.Biomolecules · 2023Review
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Exosome-like vesicles containing virulence factors, enzymes, and antigens have recently been characterized in fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Here, we describe extracellular vesicles carrying highly immunogenic α-linked galactopyranosyl (α-Gal) epitopes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. P. brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus that causes human paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). For vesicle preparations, cell-free supernatant fluids from yeast cells cultivated in Ham's defined medium-glucose were concentrated in an Amicon ultrafiltration system and ultracentrifuged at 100,000 × g. P. brasiliensis antigens were present in preparations from phylogenetically distinct isolates Pb18 and Pb3, as observed in immunoblots revealed with sera from PCM patients. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), vesicle components containing α-Gal epitopes reacted strongly with anti-α-Gal antibodies isolated from both Chagas' disease and PCM patients, with Marasmius oreades agglutinin (MOA) (a lectin that recognizes terminal α-Gal), but only faintly with natural anti-α-Gal. Reactivity was inhibited after treatment with α-galactosidase. Vesicle preparations analyzed by electron microscopy showed vesicular structures of 20 to 200 nm that were labeled both on the surface and in the lumen with MOA. In P. brasiliensis cells, components carrying α-Gal epitopes were found distributed on the cell wall, following a punctuated confocal pattern, and inside large intracellular vacuoles. Lipid-free vesicle fractions reacted with anti-α-Gal in ELISA only when not digested with α-galactosidase, while reactivity with glycoproteins was reduced after β-elimination, which is indicative of partial O-linked chain localization. Our findings open new areas to explore in terms of host-parasite relationships in PCM and the role played in vivo by vesicle components and α-galactosyl epitopes.
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