ArticleImmunity2011
Human blood CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells are counterparts of T follicular cells and contain specific subsets that differentially support antibody secretion.
Article in Immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 936 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Systems Biological Responses to Influenza Vaccination in an HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Adult Population in Kampala, Uganda
B-cell Depletion Therapy With Rituximab for Thyroid Eye Disease
Predictor of Clinical Response to Acthar in Myositis: Phase II of Acthar Clinical Trial
Who cites it
936 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,554 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Harnessing local and system immune profiling delineating differential responders to first-line sintilimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) combined with chemotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: an exploratory biomarker analysis of a phase II study.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Exogenous melatonin boosts vaccine-induced immunity in individuals with high pre-existing influenza immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Low Th2 and high PD1+ TFh cells in blood predict remission after CTLA-4Ig treatment for 48 weeks in early rheumatoid arthritis.PloS one · 2025Trial
- R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine drives diverse immune responses in pre-exposed adults: insights from a phase IIb controlled human malaria infection trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Targeting T follicular helper cells for lifelong health.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Juvenile Myositis: Insights on Classification, Pathogenesis, and Therapies Over the Past 50 Years.Arthritis care & research · 2026Review
- Regulation of follicular helper T cell subset differentiation in health and disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Th1 and Th17 Responses to LTB and Colonization Factors Following Oral ETEC Vaccination.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- A homozygous CTLA-4 variant causes CTLA-4 deficiency with severe immune dysregulation.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- A Versatile Anti-CXCR5 Monoclonal Antibody (CxCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Migration of immune cells in tumors and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Repertoire and Immune Memory Mechanisms in Vaccination and Infection Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Obeticholic acid alleviates lupus pathology by inhibiting T follicular helper cell differentiation.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Circulating T-follicular helper and type I regulatory T cells have overlapping phenotypes inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immunological Mechanisms and Machine Learning Applications in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Immune Factors Linked to Long-Term HCV Humoral Memory Five Years After Cure in People with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Inflammatory arthritis irAE may represent a unique autoimmune disease primarily driven by T cells but likely not autoantibodies.Science advances · 2026Article
- Dnmt3a-dependent de novo DNA methylation enforces lineage commitment and preserves functionality of memory Th1 and Tfh cells.Cell reports · 2026Article
876 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although a fraction of human blood memory CD4(+) T cells expresses chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5 (CXCR5), their relationship to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells is not well established. Here we show that human blood CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells share functional properties with Tfh cells and appear to represent their circulating memory compartment. Blood CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells comprised three subsets: T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells. Th2 and Th17 cells within CXCR5(+), but not within CXCR5(-), compartment efficiently induced naive B cells to produce immunoglobulins via interleukin-21 (IL-21). In contrast, Th1 cells from both CXCR5(+) and CXCR5(-) compartments lacked the capacity to help B cells. Patients with juvenile dermatomyositis, a systemic autoimmune disease, displayed a profound skewing of blood CXCR5(+) Th cell subsets toward Th2 and Th17 cells. Importantly, the skewing of subsets correlated with disease activity and frequency of blood plasmablasts. Collectively, our study suggests that an altered balance of Tfh cell subsets contributes to human autoimmunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.