ReviewImmunology2011
Structure/function of human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors: lessons from polymorphisms, evolution, crystal structures and mutations.
Review in Immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 174 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
174 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 306 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association study between killer immunoglobulin-like receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to COVID-19 disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunologic research · 2024Pooled it
- A comprehensive meta-analysis of tissue resident memory T cells and their roles in shaping immune microenvironment and patient prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Association study between KIR polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis disease: an updated meta-analysis.BMC medical genetics · 2019Pooled it
- Beta-Glucan Supplementation Improves Clinical Outcomes and Preserves Immune Homeostasis in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors Receiving Chemotherapy: A Prospective Phase II Randomized Three-Arm Clinical Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Trial
- Different endurance exercises modulate NK cell cytotoxic and inhibiting receptors.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Trial
- A CD8Nature communications · 2021Trial
- Treatment-Free Remission in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Toward Precision and Personalized Approaches to Functional Cure.Cancer science · 2026Review
- Uveal melanoma: A review of current treatment limitations and the emerging therapeutic potential of natural killer cells.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2026Review
- Immunology of Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia and the Role of Placental Non-Classical HLA and Decidual NK Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Long-term depletion of KIR3DL01+ NK cells by adeno-associated viral-vectored antibody delivery alters chronic SIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Application of a novel branched-DNA assay to quantify killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) mRNA expression identifies tissue compartmentalization in naïve and SIV-infected rhesus macaques.Journal of immunological methods · 2026Article
- Global patterns of KIR genotype diversity reflect human migration and regional differences.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- CAR-NK cell therapy in multiple myeloma: from preclinical and clinical landscape to joining the force for treatment strategies optimization.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Nanoscale strategies: doxorubicin resistance challenges and enhancing cancer therapy with advanced nanotechnological approaches.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Bighorn sheep T2T genome assembly reveals differences in immune genes: a potential cause of high morbidity due to respiratory pathogens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Hypoimmune stem cells and islets: hype or a true breakthrough in diabetes treatment?Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Neuron-reactive KIRNature communications · 2025Article
- Selective agonists of KIR and NKG2A to evade missing self response of natural killer cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Emerging roles of KIR2DL4 in cancer immunotherapy.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Review
- The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Its Therapeutic Targeting.Cells · 2025Review
114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Stimulation or tolerance of natural killer (NK) cells is achieved through a cross-talk of signals derived from cell surface activating and inhibitory receptors. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are a family of highly polymorphic activating and inhibitory receptors that serve as key regulators of human NK cell function. Distinct structural domains in different KIR family members determine function by providing docking sites for ligands or signalling proteins. Here, we review a growing body of literature that has identified important structural elements on KIR that contribute to function through studies of engineered mutants, natural polymorphic sequence variants, crystal structure data and the conservation of protein sequences throughout primate evolution. Extensive natural polymorphism is associated with both human KIR and their ligands, MHC class I (HLA-A, -B and -C) molecules, and numerous studies have demonstrated associations between inheritance of certain combinations of KIR and HLA genes and susceptibility to several diseases, including viral infections, autoimmune disorders and cancers. In addition, certain KIR/HLA combinations can influence pregnancy and the outcome of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In view of the significant regulatory influences of KIR on immune function and human health, it is essential to fully understand the impacts of these polymorphic sequence variations on ligand recognition, expression and function of the receptor.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.