Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21214351›Full record

ArticleJournal of athletic training

Core temperature and sweat responses in professional women's tennis players during tournament play in the heat.

Melissa L Tippet, John R Stofan, Magie Lacambra, Craig A Horswill

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of athletic training. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Tennis in the heat: a panel discussion.South African journal of sports medicine · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Heat research guides current practices in professional tennis.British journal of sports medicine · 2014
    Article
  13. Hydration and thermal strain during tennis in the heat.British journal of sports medicine · 2014
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Nutrition for tennis: practical recommendations.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2013
    Review
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Melissa L TippetGatorade Sports Science Institute, Barrington, IL 60010, USA. Melissa.Tippet@pepsico.com
John R Stofan
Magie Lacambra
Craig A Horswill

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextTennis is often played in hot, humid environments, intensifying the thermoregulatory strain placed on the athletes. As a safety measure, some tennis organizations allow for a 10-minute break in play between the second and third sets when environmental conditions are extreme. However, the actual effect of these breaks in reducing core temperature is unknown.

objectiveTo determine change in core temperature after a 10-minute break in play and assess fluid balance in professional female tennis players during tournament matches in the heat.

designCross-sectional study.

settingA Women's Tennis Association Tour-sanctioned outdoor tournament on hard courts under hot conditions (30.3°C ± 2.3°C). PATIENTS OR OTHER

participantsSeven professional tennis players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Change in core temperature after a 10-minute break in tournament play, fluid intake, and sweat losses during match play.

resultsCore temperature was reduced from 38.92°C to 38.67°C (change of -0.25°C ± 0.20°C) when a break was taken (P  =  .02). Mean sweat rate during match play was 2.0 ± 0.5 L/h. During that time, mean fluid intake was 1.5 ± 0.5 L/h, resulting in a 1.2% ± 1.0% reduction in body mass.

conclusionsFemale professional tennis players are subjected to high heat loads during match play in hot environments. However, a 10-minute break in play decreased core temperature in 6 of 7 players by an average of 0.25°C, indicating that the break provides practical benefits in the field. Furthermore, although mean sweat rate in this group of female tennis players was high, most athletes were still able to minimize mass loss to less than 2% of their prematch weight.

Indexed as

AthletesBody TemperatureBody Temperature RegulationHot TemperatureSweatingTennisAdolescentAdultDehydrationFemaleHumansPhysical ExertionRestWater-Electrolyte BalanceYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID21214351
PMCPMC3017490

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.