Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21212411›Full record

ArticleCancer research2011

VEGFR-1 expressed by malignant melanoma-initiating cells is required for tumor growth.

Natasha Y Frank, Tobias Schatton, Soo Kim, Qian Zhan, Brian J Wilson, Jie Ma, Karim R Saab, Veronika Osherov, Hans R Widlund, Martin Gasser and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 159 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. The Pseudoinflammatory Pattern Revisited.Journal of cutaneous pathology · 2026
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45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Natasha Y FrankDivision of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Tobias Schatton
Soo Kim
Qian Zhan
Brian J Wilson
Jie Ma
Karim R Saab
Veronika Osherov
Hans R Widlund
Martin Gasser
Ana-Maria Waaga-Gasser
Thomas S Kupper
George F Murphy
Markus H Frank
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USUniversity of Würzburg · DEVA Boston Healthcare System · USBoston Children's Hospital · US

Funding

Targeting Raf in Melanoma: Mechanisms for Effect & Resistance & Opportunities forP50CA093683 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI MIER, JAMES W · 2001 to 2012
$25.8M
Melanoma Stem Cells, Vasculogenesis and Neoplastic ProgressionR01CA138231 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI FRANK, MARKUS H. · 2008 to 2012
$1.7M
ABCB5 P-Glycoprotein in Cancer Multidrug ResistanceR01CA113796 · NCI · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI FRANK, MARKUS H. · 2006 to 2010
$1.5M
Myoregenerative Potential of ABCB5+ ProgenitorsK08NS051349 · NINDS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI FRANK, NATASHA Y · 2006 to 2010
$670k
Identification and targeting of colon cancer initiating cellsI01BX000516 · VA · VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM · PI FRANK, NATASHA Y · 2011 to 2020
–
BLRD VA I01 BX000516NCI NIH HHS 1R01CA113796NCI NIH HHS 1R01CA138231NCI NIH HHS 2P50CA093683-06A20006NCI NIH HHS P50 CA093683NCI NIH HHS R01 CA113796NCI NIH HHS R01 CA138231NINDS NIH HHS K08 NS051349NINDS NIH HHS K08NS051349
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Melanoma growth is driven by malignant melanoma-initiating cells (MMIC) identified by expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) member ABCB5. ABCB5(+) melanoma subpopulations have been shown to overexpress the vasculogenic differentiation markers CD144 (VE-cadherin) and TIE1 and are associated with CD31(-) vasculogenic mimicry (VM), an established biomarker associated with increased patient mortality. Here we identify a critical role for VEGFR-1 signaling in ABCB5(+) MMIC-dependent VM and tumor growth. Global gene expression analyses, validated by mRNA and protein determinations, revealed preferential expression of VEGFR-1 on ABCB5(+) tumor cells purified from clinical melanomas and established melanoma lines. In vitro, VEGF induced the expression of CD144 in ABCB5(+) subpopulations that constitutively expressed VEGFR-1 but not in ABCB5(-) bulk populations that were predominantly VEGFR-1(-). In vivo, melanoma-specific shRNA-mediated knockdown of VEGFR-1 blocked the development of ABCB5(+) VM morphology and inhibited ABCB5(+) VM-associated production of the secreted melanoma mitogen laminin. Moreover, melanoma-specific VEGFR-1 knockdown markedly inhibited tumor growth (by > 90%). Our results show that VEGFR-1 function in MMIC regulates VM and associated laminin production and show that this function represents one mechanism through which MMICs promote tumor growth.

Indexed as

Cell ProliferationAnimalsCells, CulturedGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGene Knockdown TechniquesHumansMelanomaMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred NODMice, SCIDMicroarray AnalysisNeoplastic Stem CellsRNA, Small InterferingSkin NeoplasmsRNA, Small InterferingVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1

Identifiers

PMID21212411
PMCPMC3083845
OpenAlexW2049474645

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.