ReviewVirology2011
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are both antiviral and proviral.
Review in Virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 197 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
197 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 318 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Emerging Role of Epitranscriptomics in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Evolutionary Comparative Analyses of DNA-Editing Enzymes of the Immune System: From 5-Dimensional Description of Protein Structures to Immunological Insights and Applications to Protein Engineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Induced Alterations in ADAR Editing Patterns Differ Between Patients Who Developed Critical Compared to Non-Critical COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Beyond the complex: inosine drives the antiviral and epigenetic effects of inosine pranobex.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Article
- Review
- TSniffer: unbiased de novo identification of RNA editing sites and quantification of editing activity in RNA-seq data.Genome biology · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2-induced dysregulation in ADAR editing patterns persists post viral clearance in individuals with mild COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Codon Usage Bias in Human RNA Viruses and Its Impact on Viral Translation, Fitness, and Evolution.Viruses · 2025Review
- Article
- ADARs: pleiotropy in function, versatility in application.Nucleic acids research · 2025Review
- The Role of Chemical Modifications in the Genome of Negative-Sense RNA Viruses on the Innate Immune Response.Viruses · 2025Review
- Effective recognition of double-stranded RNA does not require activation of cellular inflammation.Science advances · 2025Article
- Viral N protein hijacks deaminase-containing RNA granules to enhance SARS-CoV-2 mutagenesis.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- Charting and probing the activity of ADARs in human development and cell-fate specification.Nature communications · 2024Article
- MethylCallR : a comprehensive analysis framework for Illumina Methylation Beadchip.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evolution shapes and conserves genomic signatures in viruses.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Murine norovirus mutants adapted to replicate in human cells reveal a post-entry restriction.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- ADAR Family Proteins: A Structural Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Structurally Specific Z-DNA Proteolysis Targeting Chimera Enables Targeted Degradation of Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA 1.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
137 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A-to-I RNA editing, the deamination of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) that occurs in regions of RNA with double-stranded character, is catalyzed by a family of Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs). In mammals there are three ADAR genes. Two encode proteins that possess demonstrated deaminase activity: ADAR1, which is interferon-inducible, and ADAR2 which is constitutively expressed. ADAR3, by contrast, has not yet been shown to be an active enzyme. The specificity of the ADAR1 and ADAR2 deaminases ranges from highly site-selective to non-selective, dependent on the duplex structure of the substrate RNA. A-to-I editing is a form of nucleotide substitution editing, because I is decoded as guanosine (G) instead of A by ribosomes during translation and by polymerases during RNA-dependent RNA replication. Additionally, A-to-I editing can alter RNA structure stability as I:U mismatches are less stable than A:U base pairs. Both viral and cellular RNAs are edited by ADARs. A-to-I editing is of broad physiologic significance. Among the outcomes of A-to-I editing are biochemical changes that affect how viruses interact with their hosts, changes that can lead to either enhanced or reduced virus growth and persistence depending upon the specific virus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.