ArticleJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2011
Short-term salivary acetaldehyde increase due to direct exposure to alcoholic beverages as an additional cancer risk factor beyond ethanol metabolism.
Article in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alcohol-based mouthwash as a risk factor of oral cancer: A systematic review.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2020Pooled it
- Prevention of HNSCC by chewing gum delivery of enzymes/antimicrobials to reduce carcinogenic acetaldehyde produced by pathogenic microbes.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Smoking, Alcohol, and Their Interaction in the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- From gum inflammation to oral cancers: pyroptosis as the molecular torchbearer in periodontitis-driven carcinogenesis.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Global burden of lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to high alcohol consumption from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between cardiometabolic index and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among the general population: NHANES 1999-2018.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- The role of periodontitis in cancer development, with a focus on oral cancers.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Adolescent alcohol use is associated with differences in the diversity and composition of the oral microbiome.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Homologous recombination contributes to the repair of acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2024Article
- Enhanced Expression of Alcohol Dehydrogenase I inMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Alcohol consumption and oral microbiome composition in a sample of healthy young adults.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2023Article
- The p53 DNA damage response and Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway protect against acetaldehyde-induced replication stress in esophageal keratinocytes.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2023Article
- FANCD2 limits acetaldehyde-induced genomic instability during DNA replication in esophageal keratinocytes.Molecular oncology · 2021Article
- Alcohol Drinking Pattern and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Free radical-mediated acetaldehyde formation by model reactions of dietary components: effects of meat, wine, cooking oil and coffee.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2021Article
- Bifacial biological effects of ethanol: acetaldehyde production by oralJournal of oral microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Interventions to prevent periodontal disease in tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-dependent individuals.Periodontology 2000 · 2020Review
- Influence of Alcohol Content and Storage Conditions on the Physicochemical Stability of Spirit Drinks.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Wine Consumption and Oral Cavity Cancer: Friend or Foe, Two Faces of Janus.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn increasing body of evidence now implicates acetaldehyde as a major underlying factor for the carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages and especially for oesophageal and oral cancer. Acetaldehyde associated with alcohol consumption is regarded as 'carcinogenic to humans' (IARC Group 1), with sufficient evidence available for the oesophagus, head and neck as sites of carcinogenicity. At present, research into the mechanistic aspects of acetaldehyde-related oral cancer has been focused on salivary acetaldehyde that is formed either from ethanol metabolism in the epithelia or from microbial oxidation of ethanol by the oral microflora. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of the acetaldehyde that is found as a component of alcoholic beverages as an additional factor in the aetiology of oral cancer.
methodsSalivary acetaldehyde levels were determined in the context of sensory analysis of different alcoholic beverages (beer, cider, wine, sherry, vodka, calvados, grape marc spirit, tequila, cherry spirit), without swallowing, to exclude systemic ethanol metabolism.
resultsThe rinsing of the mouth for 30 seconds with an alcoholic beverage is able to increase salivary acetaldehyde above levels previously judged to be carcinogenic in vitro, with levels up to 1000 μM in cases of beverages with extreme acetaldehyde content. In general, the highest salivary acetaldehyde concentration was found in all cases in the saliva 30 sec after using the beverages (average 353 μM). The average concentration then decreased at the 2-min (156 μM), 5-min (76 μM) and 10-min (40 μM) sampling points. The salivary acetaldehyde concentration depends primarily on the direct ingestion of acetaldehyde contained in the beverages at the 30-sec sampling, while the influence of the metabolic formation from ethanol becomes the major factor at the 2-min sampling point.
conclusionsThis study offers a plausible mechanism to explain the increased risk for oral cancer associated with high acetaldehyde concentrations in certain beverages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.