ArticleNeurology2011
Enrollment of women and minorities in NINDS trials.
Article in Neurology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trajectory of longitudinal lending discrimination modifies the efficacy of a skills-based intervention in stroke survivors.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2026Trial
- Barriers to Enrollment in Post-Stroke Brain Stimulation in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Design of a cluster-randomized minority recruitment trial: RECRUIT.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Barriers and facilitators to Parkinson's disease research participation amongst underrepresented groups.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Disability and Recurrent Stroke Among Participants in Stroke Prevention Trials.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients With Preexisting Disability: A Review.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Underrepresented and Underserved Populations in Neurological Research.Seminars in neurology · 2024Article
- Disparities in Race and Ethnicity Reporting and Representation for Clinical Trials in Stroke: 2010 to 2020.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Fielding the research participant perception survey to evaluate a culturally tailored Latinx cohort study.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Stem cell therapy: a new hope for stroke and traumatic brain injury recovery and the challenge for rural minorities in South Carolina.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Endovascular Thrombectomy Trials.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Pitfalls of Randomized Controlled Trials in Stroke: How Can We Do Better?Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Enrollment of Participants From Marginalized Racial and Ethnic Groups: A Comparative Assessment of the STEADY-PD III and SURE-PD3 Trials.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2023Article
- High tech and high touch: Recruitment strategies for enrolling African American stroke survivors in Community Based Intervention under Nurse Guidance after stroke (CINGS) trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2021Article
- Sex Proportionality in Pre-clinical and Clinical Trials: An Evaluation of 22 Marketing Authorization Application Dossiers Submitted to the European Medicines Agency.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Race- and Sex-Based Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trial Enrollment in the United States and Canada: An Indigenous Perspective.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2020Review
- Benefit of carotid revascularisation for women with symptomatic carotid stenosis: protocol for a systematic review.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Ethics and Bias in Clinical Trial Enrollment in Stroke.Current cardiology reports · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine policy-associated changes over time in 1) the enrollment of women and minorities in National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)-funded clinical trials and 2) the trial publication reporting of race/ethnicity and gender.
methodsAll NINDS-funded phase III trials published between 1985 and 2008 were identified. Percent of African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and women enrolled in the trials was calculated for those trials with available data. Z tests were used to compare reporting and enrollment data from before (period 1) and after (period 2) 1995 when NIH enacted their policies regarding race, ethnicity, and gender. Percent of main trial publications reporting enrollment of African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and women was also calculated.
resultsOf the 56 trials identified, 100%, 48%, and 25% reported enrollment by gender, race, and ethnicity. Women constituted 42.1% of the trial population. Enrollment of women increased over time (36.9% period 1; 49.0% period 2, p < 0.001). African Americans constituted 19.8% of the enrollees in trials with available data and enrollment increased over time (11.6% period 1; 30.7% period 2, p < 0.001). Hispanic Americans constituted 5.8% of subjects in trials with available data and enrollment decreased over time (7.4% period 1; 5.0% period 2, p < 0.001).
conclusionsImprovements in reporting of race/ethnicity in publications and enrollment of Hispanics in NINDS trials are needed. While African American representation is above population levels, Hispanic Americans are underrepresented in NINDS trials and representation is declining despite Hispanics' increasing representation in the US population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.