ArticlePloS one2010
Steroid concentrations in plasma, whole blood and brain: effects of saline perfusion to remove blood contamination from brain.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) in Broiler Plasma: Analytical Validation of Immunoassays and Comparative Overview Across Avian Species.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Lipopolysaccharide differentially alters systemic and brain glucocorticoid levels in neonatal and adult mice.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Article
- An Aggressive Interaction Rapidly Increases Brain Androgens in a Male Songbird during the Non-breeding Season.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Single neonatal estrogen implant sterilizes female animals by decreasing hypothalamic KISS1 expression.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Brain and circulating steroids in an electric fish: Relevance for non-breeding aggression.PloS one · 2023Article
- 11ß hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases regulate circulating glucocorticoids but not central gene expression.General and comparative endocrinology · 2021Article
- Seeking Nonspecific Binding: Assessing the Reliability of Tissue Dilutions for Calculating Fraction Unbound.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2020Article
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics of Dexamethasone in Rats.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2020Article
- The stressed brain: regional and stress-related corticosterone and stress-regulated gene expression in the adult zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata).Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2020Article
- Influence of Low Protein Diet-Induced Fetal Growth Restriction on the Neuroplacental Corticosterone Axis in the Rat.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Elevated Hypothalamic Glucocorticoid Levels Are Associated With Obesity and Hyperphagia in Male Mice.Endocrinology · 2016Article
- Steroids in the Avian Brain: Heterogeneity across Space and Time.Journal of ornithology · 2015Article
- Rapid Effects of Estradiol on Aggression in Birds and Mice: The Fast and the Furious.Integrative and comparative biology · 2015Review
- Contextual modulation of social and endocrine correlates of fitness: insights from the life history of a sex changing fish.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2015Review
- Sex steroid levels and AD-like pathology in 3xTgAD mice.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2013Article
- Membrane-initiated estradiol actions mediate structural plasticity and reproduction.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2012Review
- Sample preparation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for multiple steroids in mammalian and avian circulation.PloS one · 2012Article
- DHEA and estradiol levels in brain, gonads, adrenal glands, and plasma of developing male and female European starlings.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2011Article
- Rapid effects of aggressive interactions on aromatase activity and oestradiol in discrete brain regions of wild male white-crowned sparrows.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The brain and other organs locally synthesize steroids. Local synthesis is suggested when steroid levels are higher in tissue than in the circulation. However, measurement of both circulating and tissue steroid levels are subject to methodological considerations. For example, plasma samples are commonly used to estimate circulating steroid levels in whole blood, but steroid levels in plasma and whole blood could differ. In addition, tissue steroid measurements might be affected by blood contamination, which can be addressed experimentally by using saline perfusion to remove blood. In Study 1, we measured corticosterone and testosterone (T) levels in zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) plasma, whole blood, and red blood cells (RBC). We also compared corticosterone in plasma, whole blood, and RBC at baseline and after 60 min restraint stress. In Study 2, we quantified corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), T, and 17β-estradiol (E₂) levels in the brains of sham-perfused or saline-perfused subjects. In Study 1, corticosterone and T concentrations were highest in plasma, significantly lower in whole blood, and lowest in RBC. In Study 2, saline perfusion unexpectedly increased corticosterone levels in the rostral telencephalon but not other regions. In contrast, saline perfusion decreased DHEA levels in caudal telencephalon and diencephalon. Saline perfusion also increased E₂ levels in caudal telencephalon. In summary, when comparing local and systemic steroid levels, the inclusion of whole blood samples should prove useful. Moreover, blood contamination has little or no effect on measurement of brain steroid levels, suggesting that saline perfusion is not necessary prior to brain collection. Indeed, saline perfusion itself may elevate and lower steroid concentrations in a rapid, region-specific manner.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.