ArticleThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2011
Corticotropin-releasing factor and noradrenergic signalling exert reciprocal control over startle reactivity.
Article in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute prazosin administration does not reduce stressor reactivity in healthy adults.Psychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 Antagonism Is Ineffective for Women With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Biological psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Trial
- The Locus Coeruleus: Anatomy, Physiology, and Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Article
- Evidence for altered brain reactivity to norepinephrine in Veterans with a history of traumatic stress.Neurobiology of stress · 2018Article
- Deciphering the Contributions of CRH Receptors in the Brain and Pituitary to Stress-Induced Inhibition of the Reproductive Axis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Probing for Neuroadaptations to Unpredictable Stressors in Addiction: Translational Methods and Emerging Evidence.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2017Review
- Predator Stress-Induced CRF Release Causes Enduring Sensitization of Basolateral Amygdala Norepinephrine Systems that Promote PTSD-Like Startle Abnormalities.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2015Article
- Cell type-specific modifications of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and its type 1 receptor (CRF1) on startle behavior and sensorimotor gating.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2015Article
- Acoustic startle in alcohol-naïve male rats predicts subsequent voluntary alcohol intake and alcohol preference.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2015Article
- Generation and characterization of humanized mice carrying COMT158 Met/Val alleles.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2014Article
- The role of PKC signaling in CRF-induced modulation of startle.Psychopharmacology · 2013Article
- Impaired conditioned fear response and startle reactivity in epinephrine-deficient mice.Behavioural pharmacology · 2013Article
- Corticotropin-releasing factor acting at the locus coeruleus disrupts thalamic and cortical sensory-evoked responses.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2012Article
- Mutual independence of 5-HT(2) and α1 noradrenergic receptors in mediating deficits in sensorimotor gating.Psychopharmacology · 2012Article
- Pharmacological treatment of PTSD - established and new approaches.Neuropharmacology · 2012Review
- Interactions between corticotropin-releasing factor and the serotonin 1A receptor system on acoustic startle amplitude and prepulse inhibition of the startle response in two rat strains.Neuropharmacology · 2012Article
- The role of the locus coeruleus in the generation of pathological anxiety.Brain and neuroscience advancesReview
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and norepinephrine (NE) levels are altered in post-traumatic stress disorder and may be related to symptoms of hyperarousal, including exaggerated startle, in these patients. In animals, activation of both systems modulates anxiety behaviours including startle plasticity; however, it is unknown if they exert their actions orthogonally or dependently. We tested the hypothesis that NE receptor activation is required for CRF effects on startle and that CRF1 receptor activation is required for NE effects on startle. The study examined the effects of: (1) α2 agonist clonidine (0.18 mg/kg i.p.), α1 antagonist prazosin (0.8 mg/kg), and β1/2 antagonist propranolol (0.8, 8.0 mg/kg) pretreatment on ovine-CRF (oCRF)- (0.6 nmol) induced increases in startle reactivity and disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI); (2) α2 antagonist atipamezole (1-30 mg/kg) and α1 agonist cirazoline (0.025-1.0 mg/kg) treatment on startle; (3) CRF1 antagonist (antalarmin, 14 mg/kg) pretreatment on atipamezole- (10.0 mg/kg) induced increases in startle. oCRF robustly increased startle and reduced PPI. Pretreatment with clonidine or prazosin, but not propranolol, blocked oCRF-induced increases in startle but had no effect on oCRF-induced disruptions in PPI. Atipamezole treatment increased startle, which was partially attenuated by CRF1 antagonist pretreatment. Cirazoline treatment did not increase startle. These findings suggest that CRF modulation of startle, but not PPI, requires activation of α1 adrenergic receptors, while CRF1 activation also contributes to NE modulation of startle. These data support a bi-directional model of CRF-NE modulation of stress responses and suggest that both systems must be activated to induce stress effects on startle reactivity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.