Trial reportPloS one2010
Immunopotentiation of trivalent influenza vaccine when given with VAX102, a recombinant influenza M2e vaccine fused to the TLR5 ligand flagellin.
Trial report in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00921973 (A Multicenter, Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study to Investigate the Safety and Immunogenicity of VAX102 When Given in the Same Arm With the Standard Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multicenter, Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study to Investigate the Safety and Immunogenicity of VAX102 When Given in the Same Arm With the Standard Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Adults
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Flagellins as Vaccine Adjuvants and Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Future Prospects.Immunology · 2025Review
- Flagellin as a Versatile Adjuvant Platform: Genetic Fusion Approaches for Next-Generation Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Structural engineering of flagellin as vaccine adjuvant: quest for the minimal domain of flagellin for TLR5 activation.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Differential Adjuvant Activity by Flagellins fromVaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploiting bacterial-origin immunostimulants for improved vaccination and immunotherapy: current insights and future directions.Cell & bioscience · 2024Review
- A flagellin-conjugate protein induces dual NLRC4- and NLRP3-inflammasome activation which modulates inflammatory cytokine secretion from macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Thermostable H1 hemagglutinin stem with M2e epitopes provides broad cross-protection against group1 and 2 influenza A viruses.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2022Article
- Protein-Based Adjuvants for Vaccines as Immunomodulators of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Future Opportunities.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- A chimeric thermostable M2e and H3 stalk-based universal influenza A virus vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Review
- Flagellin/Virus-like Particle Hybrid Platform with High Immunogenicity, Safety, and Versatility for Vaccine Development.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2022Article
- A single-shot vaccine approach for the universal influenza A vaccine candidate M2e.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Recent Progress in Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Development Toward Heterosubtypic Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
- Exploration of Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonists as Candidate Adjuvants.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Review
- M2e-based universal influenza vaccines: a historical overview and new approaches to development.Journal of biomedical science · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCurrently controversy exists about the immunogenicity of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in certain populations, especially the elderly. STF2.4×M2e (VAX102) is a recombinant fusion protein that links four copies of the ectodomain of influenza virus matrix protein 2 (M2e) antigen to Salmonella typhimurium flagellin, a TLR5 ligand. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of giving VAX102 and TIV in combination in an effort to achieve greater immunogenicity and to provide cross-protection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsEighty healthy subjects, 18-49 years old, were enrolled in May and June 2009 in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial at two clinical sites. Subjects were randomized to receive either TIV + VAX102 or TIV + placebo. Both arms tolerated the vaccines. Pain at the injection site was more severe with TIV + VAX102. Two weeks after immunization the HAI responses to the H1 and H3 antigens of TIV were higher in those that received TIV + VAX102 than in TIV + placebo (309 vs 200 and 269 vs 185, respectively), although statistically non-significant. There was no difference in the HAI of the B antigen. In the TIV + VAX102 arm, the geometric mean M2e antibody concentration was 0.5 µg/ml and 73% seroconverted. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The combination of TIV + VAX102 has the potential to increase the immune response to the influenza A components of TIV and to provide M2e immunity which may protect against influenza A strains not contained in seasonal TIV.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00921973.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.