ArticleInfection and immunity2011
Shiga toxin subtypes display dramatic differences in potency.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 285 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phylogenomic framework and virulence gene boundaries of emerging Shiga toxin-producingVirulence · 2026Article
- Shiga toxin increases intestinal transit to displace resident microbes and facilitate pathogen colonization.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Pathogenic potential and phylogenomic analysis ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Shiga Toxin Induces ApoptosisJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance profiles and phylogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from dairy cattle in South Africa.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Emerging hybrid shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenicClinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Shiga Toxin-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- INM004: Polyclonal Neutralizing Antibodies Against Shiga Toxin as a Treatment for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.Toxins · 2025Review
- Excess A-subunits of Shiga toxin 2a are produced in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of Seven Shiga Toxin Phages Induced from Human-Derived Shiga Toxin-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Single nucleotide genome recognition and selective bacterial lysis using synthetic phages loaded with CRISPR-Cas12f1-truncated sgRNA.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Shiga Toxin: Emerging Producer Strains, Prophylactic Approaches, and Application in Cancer Therapy.Journal of cancer prevention · 2024Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance in DiverseAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Fragment Screening to Identify Inhibitors Targeting Ribosome Binding of Shiga Toxin 2.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Article
- First Isolation of the Heteropathotype Shiga Toxin-Producing and Extra-Intestinal Pathogenic (STEC-ExPEC)International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Structure-Function Analysis of the A1 Subunit of Shiga Toxin 2 with Peptides That Target the P-Stalk Binding Site and Inhibit Activity.Biochemistry · 2024Article
- Pathogenomes of Shiga Toxin Positive and NegativeMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Shiga Toxin Subtypes and Their Niche-Related Distribution Characteristics in Shiga-Toxin-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the virulence inducing effect of ciprofloxacin on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.PloS one · 2024Article
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purified Shiga toxin (Stx) alone is capable of producing systemic complications, including hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), in animal models of disease. Stx includes two major antigenic forms (Stx1 and Stx2), with minor variants of Stx2 (Stx2a to -h). Stx2a is more potent than Stx1. Epidemiologic studies suggest that Stx2 subtypes also differ in potency, but these differences have not been well documented for purified toxin. The relative potencies of five purified Stx2 subtypes, Stx2a, Stx2b, Stx2c, Stx2d, and activated (elastase-cleaved) Stx2d, were studied in vitro by examining protein synthesis inhibition using Vero monkey kidney cells and inhibition of metabolic activity (reduction of resazurin to fluorescent resorufin) using primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs). In both RPTECs and Vero cells, Stx2a, Stx2d, and elastase-cleaved Stx2d were at least 25 times more potent than Stx2b and Stx2c. In vivo potency in mice was also assessed. Stx2b and Stx2c had potencies similar to that of Stx1, while Stx2a, Stx2d, and elastase-cleaved Stx2d were 40 to 400 times more potent than Stx1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.