ReviewImmunological reviews2011
Use of defined TLR ligands as adjuvants within human vaccines.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 236 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
236 citing papers in PubMed, 431 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vitro cytokine induction by TLR-activating vaccine adjuvants in human blood varies by age and adjuvant.Cytokine · 2016Trial
- A n-heneicosane solid emulsion as a single-dose subunit vaccine elicits broad and durable immune responses in an aged and a Pox virus model.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Computational design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori targeting CagA, FliD, urease, and OipA with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) adjuvant.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Ferritin nanoparticles displaying rift valley fever virus glycoprotein elicit potent dendritic cell activation in vitro.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Targeting Toll-like Receptor 2: synthetic diacylated lipopeptides polarize equine macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integrating immune adverse outcome pathways into vaccine safety evaluation.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors: versatile players in tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in vaccine adjuvant development and future perspectives.Drug delivery · 2025Review
- Current Perspectives and Future Directions in the Immunogenicity Landscape of Norovirus Vaccines.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Efficacy of Immunostimulatory Adjuvants and Nano-Adjuvants in Current SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Review
- A novel dominant-negative variant of IRF8 in a mother and son: Clinical, phenotypic and biological characteristics.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Toll-like receptor response to Zika virus infection: progress toward infection control.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Immunization with recombinant HPV16-E7d in fusion with Flagellin as a cancer vaccine: Effect of antigen-adjuvant orientation on the immune response pattern.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- De novo design of protein minibinder agonists of TLR3.Nature communications · 2025Article
- HLA I immunopeptidome of synthetic long peptide pulsed human dendritic cells for therapeutic vaccine design.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Harnessing immunotherapeutic molecules and diagnostic biomarkers as human-derived adjuvants for MERS-CoV vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- BCG-derived acellular membrane vesicles elicit antimycobacterial immunity and innate immune memory.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The recent advances in vaccine adjuvants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Adjuvant potential of Peyssonnelia caulifera extract on the efficacy of an influenza vaccine in a murine model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
176 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Our improved understanding of how innate immune responses can be initiated and how they can shape adaptive B- and T-cell responses is having a significant impact on vaccine development by directing the development of defined adjuvants. Experience with first generation vaccines, as well as rapid advances in developing defined vaccines containing Toll-like receptor ligands (TLRLs), indicate that an expanded number of safe and effective vaccines containing such molecules will be available in the future. In this review, we outline current knowledge regarding TLRs, detailing the different cell types that express TLRs, the various signaling pathways TLRs utilize, and the currently known TLRLs. We then discuss the current status of TLRLs within vaccine development programs, including the importance of appropriate formulation, and how recent developments can be used to better define the mechanisms of action of vaccines. Finally, we introduce the possibility of using TLRLs, either in combination or with non-TLRLs, to synergistically potentiate vaccine-induced responses to provide not only prophylactic, but therapeutic protection against infectious diseases and cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.