ArticleAutoimmune diseases2010
Heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis: scratching the surface of a complex disease.
Article in Autoimmune diseases, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of daclizumab high-yield process in patients with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2014Trial
- Clinical efficacy of BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of the DEFINE study.Journal of neurology · 2013Trial
- Clinical efficacy of BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of the CONFIRM study.Journal of neurology · 2013Trial
- Shedding Light on Interaction Between Neurological Symptoms and Psychiatric Episodes in Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Hypothesis and Therapeutic Avenues.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Reverse engineering of motor unit discharge in multiple sclerosis reveals heterogeneity of voluntary motor commands.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Implementing Co-innovation to Develop an Accessible, Web-Based Exercise Program for People with Multiple Sclerosis.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Article
- Transcriptome analysis of the prefrontal cortex identifies inflammatory genes associated with cognitive impairment in a model of multiple sclerosis.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Factors associated with the progression of disability (EDSS) among MS patients.eNeurologicalSci · 2026Article
- User-centered design and formative evaluation of a gait dashboard for multidimensional walking assessment in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Promoting Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention in Multiple Sclerosis: Barriers, Efficacy, and Social Prescribing Strategies.Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Phenotyping and characterising gait profiles of people with multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nano-based approaches for the treatment of neuro-immunological disorders: a special emphasis on multiple sclerosis.Discover nano · 2024Review
- Understanding the role of potential biomarkers in attenuating multiple sclerosis progression via multiomics and network-based approach.PloS one · 2024Article
- Building digital patient pathways for the management and treatment of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Comparison of recent updates in genetics, immunology, biomarkers, and neuroimaging of primary-progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and the role of ocrelizumab in the management of their refractory cases.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Alterations in Lymphocytic Metabolism-An Emerging Hallmark of MS Pathophysiology?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Interventions to Improve Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis: New Opportunities and Key Talking Points.Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease · 2023Review
- Effects of a Fully Humanized Type II Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody on Peripheral and CNS B Cells in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Antibody cross-reactivity between casein and myelin-associated glycoprotein results in central nervous system demyelination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life in people with Multiple Sclerosis: How does this Population Compare to Population-based Norms in Different Health Domains?Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although the etiology and the pathogenesis of MS has been extensively investigated, no single pathway, reliable biomarker, diagnostic test, or specific treatment have yet been identified for all MS patients. One of the reasons behind this failure is likely to be the wide heterogeneity observed within the MS population. The clinical course of MS is highly variable and includes several subcategories and variants. Moreover, apart from the well-established association with the HLA-class II DRB1*15:01 allele, other genetic variants have been shown to vary significantly across different populations and individuals. Finally both pathological and immunological studies suggest that different pathways may be active in different MS patients. We conclude that these "MS subtypes" should still be considered as part of the same disease but hypothesize that spatiotemporal effects of genetic and environmental agents differentially influence MS course. These considerations are extremely relevant, as outcome prediction and personalised medicine represent the central aim of modern research.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.