Trial reportIndian journal of pediatrics2011
Pain response in newborns to the order of injecting BCG and Hepatitis-B vaccines: a randomized trial.
Trial report in Indian journal of pediatrics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Procedural Interventions for Reducing Distress During Vaccine Injections.The Clinical journal of pain · 2026Pooled it
- Procedural and Physical Interventions for Vaccine Injections: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trials.The Clinical journal of pain · 2015Pooled it
- Evaluation of Vaccines Injection Order on Pain Score of Intramuscular Injection of Diphtheria, Whole Cell Pertussis and Tetanus Vaccine.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2016Trial
- Article
- Efficacy of topical lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLAPaediatric & neonatal pain · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine if acute pain response after administration of the BCG vaccine and the Hepatitis-B vaccine is affected by the order in which they are given.
methodsThis Single-center randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Vaccination room in the Pediatrics Outpatient Department at KVG Medical College; Karnataka, India. 76 healthy term neonates undergoing routine immunization were included in this study. Newborns received either BCG vaccine or the Hepatitis-B vaccine first, followed by the other vaccine. The primary outcome was neonatal pain during vaccine injection as assessed by a validated measure, the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), scored by resident doctors blinded to the study purpose and hypothesis. In addition, a nurse rated pain using a 10-cm visual analog scale(VAS).
resultsA total of 76 infants participated: 38 received the BCG vaccine first and 38 received the Hepatitis-B vaccine first. Demographic characteristics did not differ between the groups. Overall mean (SD) pain scores per neonate were significantly lower when BCG was administered first compared to the order when Hepatitis-B vaccine was administered first (for NIPS 5.55 [0.54] vs. 5.84 [0.29], P = .005; for VAS, 6.25 [0.80] vs. 6.58 [0.54], P = .04). When given first, the BCG vaccine caused significantly less pain (P < .001)than the Hepatitis-B, as assessed by the NIPS and VAS (P < .001).
conclusionsPain was reduced when the BCG vaccine was administered before the Hepatitis-B in neonates undergoing routine vaccination. The authors recommend that the order of vaccine injections be the BCG vaccine followed by Hepatitis-B.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.