Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21193619›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2011

Results of a successful telephonic intervention to improve diabetes control in urban adults: a randomized trial.

Elizabeth A Walker, Celia Shmukler, Ralph Ullman, Emelinda Blanco, Melissa Scollan-Koliopoulus, Hillel W Cohen

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01879579 (The Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention), which is not on this map. Cited by 69 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01879579 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2013, after this paper: background citation

The Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) Study: Innovative Chronic Disease Management of Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorNYU Langone HealthRan2013 to 2015Enrolled61ConditionsDiabetes MellitusArmsMobile Insulin Titration Intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

69 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  6. Effect of telemedicine on glycated hemoglobin in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2017
    Pooled it
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  9. Interventions for enhancing medication adherence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014
    Pooled it
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  16. The Victoria Assistive Devices and Coach (VADAC) study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2023
    Trial
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9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Elizabeth A WalkerDepartment of Medicine and Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. elizabeth.walker@einstein.yu.edu
Celia Shmukler
Ralph Ullman
Emelinda Blanco
Melissa Scollan-Koliopoulus
Hillel W Cohen

Funding

Stable Isotope and Metabolomics CoreP60DK020541 · NIDDK · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI FLEISCHER, NORMAN S. · 1986 to 2014
$29.8M
Translational Research CoreP30DK020541 · NIDDK · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI STREAMSON C CHUA · 2015 to 2026
$27.7M
Improving Diabetes Medication, Adherence and OutcomesR18DK062038 · NIDDK · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI WALKER, ELIZABETH A. · 2003 to 2007
$3.1M
NIDDK NIH HHS DK020541NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020541NIDDK NIH HHS P60 DK020541NIDDK NIH HHS R18 DK062038NIDDK NIH HHS R18 DK62038
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare the effectiveness of a telephonic and a print intervention over 1 year to improve diabetes control in low-income urban adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsA randomized trial in Spanish and English comparing a telephonic intervention implemented by health educators with a print intervention. Participants (N = 526) had an A1C ≥7.5% and were prescribed one or more oral agents. All were members of a union/employer jointly sponsored health benefit plan. Health coverage included medications. Primary outcomes were A1C and pharmacy claims data; secondary outcomes included self-report of two medication adherence measures and other self-care behaviors.

resultsParticipants were 62% black and 23% Hispanic; 77% were foreign born, and 42% had annual family incomes <$30 thousand. Baseline median A1C was 8.6% (interquartile range 8.0-10.0). Insulin was also prescribed for 24% of participants. The telephone group had mean ± SE decline in A1C of 0.23 ± 0.11% over 1 year compared with a rise of 0.13 ± 0.13% for the print group (P = 0.04). After adjusting for baseline A1C, sex, age, and insulin use, the difference in A1C was 0.40% (95% CI 0.10-0.70, P = 0.009). Change in medication adherence measured by claims data, but not by self-report measures, was significantly associated with change in A1C (P = 0.01). Improvement in medication adherence was associated (P = 0.005) with the telephonic intervention, but only among those not taking insulin. No diabetes self-care activities were significantly correlated with the change in A1C.

conclusionsA 1-year tailored telephonic intervention implemented by health educators was successful in significantly, albeit modestly, improving diabetes control compared with a print intervention in a low-income, insured, minority population.

Indexed as

TelephoneDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMaleMedication AdherenceMiddle AgedPatient Education as TopicGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin

Identifiers

PMID21193619
PMCPMC3005454

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.