ArticleFree radical biology & medicine2011
Effects of iron deficiency and iron overload on angiogenesis and oxidative stress-a potential dual role for iron in breast cancer.
Article in Free radical biology & medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT01823029 (Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Caused by Intravenous Iron in Crohn's Disease Patients With Iron Deficiency Anemia), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Caused by Intravenous Iron in Crohn's Disease Patients With Iron Deficiency Anemia
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationships Between Biological Heavy Metals and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring the Immunohistochemical Expression of Iron-Related Proteins in Non-Metastatic and Metastatic Feline Mammary Carcinomas.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms of inhalable iron-containing particles driving lung carcinogenesis through theTranslational cancer research · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Insights into Therapeutic Strategies for Post- Menopausal Atherosclerosis: Evidence from an Ovariectomized Mouse Model.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- The Role of Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages (HLMs) in the Metastasis of Mammary Gland Cancers in Bitches.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Perspective on health and ecological risk assessments of potentially toxic metal(loid)s using aquatic biodiversity as biomonitoring indicators.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- Beyond Iron: The Roles of CD71 in the Pathophysiology of Cancer-A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Deferasirox improved iron homeostasis and hematopoiesis in ovariectomized rats with iron accumulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of Dietary Iron Levels on the Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Biochemistry, and Meat and Fur Quality of Growing Rex Rabbits.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Decoding iron deficiency in cancer: mechanisms, immune modulation, and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The role of redox-active iron, copper, manganese, and redox-inactive zinc in toxicity, oxidative stress, and human diseases.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Mechanism of ferroptosis in breast cancer and research progress of natural compounds regulating ferroptosis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Targeting the initiator to activate both ferroptosis and cuproptosis for breast cancer treatment: progress and possibility for clinical application.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages in Canine Mammary Carcinomas.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Transition metals in angiogenesis - A narrative review.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Association of plasma iron with the risk of incident cancer in Chinese adults with hypertension: a nested case-control study.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Iron imbalance in cancer: Intersection of deficiency and overload.Cancer medicine · 2022Review
- Iron Overload and Breast Cancer: Iron Chelation as a Potential Therapeutic Approach.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedAxelrod, Debrah [corrected to Axelrod, Deborah]
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Estrogen alone cannot explain the differences in breast cancer (BC) recurrence and incidence rates in pre- and postmenopausal women. In this study, we have tested a hypothesis that, in addition to estrogen, both iron deficiency due to menstruation and iron accumulation as a result of menstrual stop play important roles in menopause-related BC outcomes. We first tested this hypothesis in cell culture models mimicking the high-estrogen and low-iron premenopausal condition or the low-estrogen and high-iron postmenopausal condition. Subsequently, we examined this hypothesis in mice that were fed iron-deficient and iron-overloaded diets. We show that estrogen only slightly up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenic factor known to be important in BC recurrence. It is, rather, iron deficiency that significantly promotes VEGF by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Conversely, high iron levels increase oxidative stress and sustain mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, which are mechanisms of known significance in BC development. Taken together, our results suggest, for the first time, that an iron-deficiency-mediated proangiogenic environment could contribute to the high recurrence of BC in young patients, and iron-accumulation-associated pro-oxidant conditions could lead to the high incidence of BC in older women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.