ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2011
Regulated proenkephalin expression in human skin and cultured skin cells.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Giant Basal Cell Carcinomas Express Neuroactive Mediators and Show a High Growth Rate: A Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis of Etiopathogenic and Prognostic Factors.The American Journal of dermatopathology · 2017Pooled it
- Comprehensive biomarker assessment for predicting severe acute kidney injury and need of kidney replacement therapy in liver transplantation patients.Renal failure · 2024Trial
- Neuro-immuno-endocrinology of the skin: how environment regulates body homeostasis.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- The Role of Selected Proteins in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Beneficial health effects of ultraviolet radiation: expert review and conference report.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Fibromyalgia and the Role of the Endogenous Opioid System.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Enkephalins and Pain Modulation: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Disparate Effects of Stressors on Met-Enkephalin System Parameters and on Plasma Concentrations of Corticosterone in Young Female Chickens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- The Role of Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Sepsis and Acute Kidney Injury.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Photo-neuro-immuno-endocrinology: How the ultraviolet radiation regulates the body, brain, and immune system.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The Opioid Receptor Influences Circadian Rhythms in Human Keratinocytes through the β-Arrestin Pathway.Cells · 2024Article
- Evaluation ofMediators of inflammation · 2024Article
- Involvement of the Opioid Peptide Family in Cancer Progression.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- How cancer hijacks the body's homeostasis through the neuroendocrine system.Trends in neurosciences · 2023Review
- Neuroendocrine signaling in the skin with a special focus on the epidermal neuropeptides.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2022Review
- Evaluation of itch and pain induced by bovine adrenal medulla (BAM)8-22, a new human model of non-histaminergic itch.Experimental dermatology · 2022Article
- Role of proenkephalin in the diagnosis of severe and subclinical acute kidney injury during the perioperative period of liver transplantation.Practical laboratory medicine · 2022Article
- Opioidergic Signaling-A Neglected, Yet Potentially Important Player in Atopic Dermatitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Revisiting the role of melatonin in human melanocyte physiology: A skin context perspective.Journal of pineal research · 2022Review
- The Interplay between Tumour Microenvironment Components in Malignant Melanoma.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Skin responds to environmental stressors via coordinated actions of the local neuroimmunoendocrine system. Although some of these responses involve opioid receptors, little is known about cutaneous proenkephalin expression, its environmental regulation, and alterations in pathology. The objective of this study was to assess regulated expression of proenkephalin in normal and pathological skin and in isolated melanocytes, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and melanoma cells. The proenkephalin gene and protein were expressed in skin and cultured cells, with significant expression in fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Mass spectroscopy confirmed Leu- and Met-enkephalin in skin. UVR, Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, and TLR2 agonists stimulated proenkephalin gene expression in melanocytes and keratinocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In situ Met/Leu-enkephalin peptides were expressed in differentiating keratinocytes of the epidermis in the outer root sheath of the hair follicle, in myoepithelial cells of the eccrine gland, and in the basement membrane/basal lamina separating epithelial and mesenchymal components. Met/Leu-enkephalin expression was altered in pathological skin, increasing in psoriasis and decreasing in melanocytic tumors. Not only does human skin express proenkephalin, but this expression is upregulated by stressful stimuli and can be altered by pathological conditions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.