ReviewVeterinary research
West Nile virus and its emergence in the United States of America.
Review in Veterinary research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery of a 4'-Azido Fleximer Nucleoside Analog With Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity Against DENV, EBOV, and Other RNA Viruses.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Allosteric Regulation of RNA Affinity by Motif V-VI Coupling in West Nile Virus NS3 Helicase.Proteins · 2026Article
- Reframing West Nile Virus in Latin America: From Enzootic Evidence to Human Risk-Surveillance Gaps and One Health Actions.Viruses · 2026Review
- [Risk of emergence of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases in Morocco: literature review].Medecine tropicale et sante internationale · 2025Review
- A Novel Diagnostic Tool for West Nile Virus Lineage 1a and 2 Using a CRISPR-Cas12a System.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Hiding in plain sight: Genomic and phenotypic characterization of mosquito-borne Bussuquara virus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus: An Update Focusing on Southern Europe.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Article
- Molecular Xenomonitoring (MX) allows real-time surveillance of West Nile and Usutu virus in mosquito populations.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Diversity of biting midges, mosquitoes and sand flies at four dog shelters in rural and peri-urban areas of Central Morocco.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Article
- Loss of West Nile virus genetic diversity during mosquito infection due to species-dependent population bottlenecks.iScience · 2023Article
- Forecasting Outbreaks of Hantaviral Disease: Future Directions in Geospatial Modeling.Viruses · 2023Article
- Parvovirus dark matter in the cloaca of wild birds.GigaScience · 2022Article
- Article
- West Nile virus: another emerging arboviral risk for travelers?Current infectious disease reports · 2022Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of West Nile virus revisited eight decades after its first isolation.Virulence · 2021Article
- Review
- A 20-year historical review of West Nile virus since its initial emergence in North America: Has West Nile virus become a neglected tropical disease?PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Review
- Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Zoonotic West Nile virus (WNV) circulates in natural transmission cycles involving certain mosquitoes and birds, horses, humans, and a range of other vertebrates are incidental hosts. Clinical infections in humans can range in severity from uncomplicated WNV fever to fatal meningoencephalitis. Since its introduction to the Western Hemisphere in 1999, WNV had spread across North America, Central and South America and the Caribbean, although the vast majority of severe human cases have occurred in the United States of America (USA) and Canada. By 2002-2003, the WNV outbreaks have involved thousands of patients causing severe neurologic disease (meningoencephalitis and poliomyelitis-like syndrome) and hundreds of associated fatalities in USA. The purpose of this review is to present recent information on the epidemiology and pathogenicity of WNV since its emergence in North America.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.