Trial reportDigestive diseases and sciences2011
Differential effects of vitamin K1 on AFP and DCP levels in patients with unresectable HCC and in HCC cell lines.
Trial report in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin K1 Induced Cytotoxic Effects and Transcriptomic Analysis in Jurkat T Lymphocyte Leukemia Cells.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Microscopic vascular invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant patients.Clinical practice (London, England) · 2020Article
- Strong enhancement by IGF1-R antagonists of hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration inhibition by Sorafenib and/or vitamin K1.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2018Article
- Macroscopic Portal Vein Thrombosis in HCC Patients.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2018Article
- IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors and Vitamin K1 enhance the antitumor effects of Regorafenib in HCC cell lines.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Clinical application of protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-II as a biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2016Review
- Conifer Green Needle Complex in Patients with Precancerous Gastric Lesions: An Observational Pilot Study.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2016Article
- Alpha-fetoprotein and novel tumor biomarkers as predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after surgery: a brilliant star raises again.International journal of hepatology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDCP is a useful HCC tumor marker, which reflects a defect in vitamin K metabolism. We tested the hypothesis that vitamin K treatment of HCC patients might suppress this marker and possibly AFP also. EXPERIMENTAL
designHCC patients who had both elevated AFP and DCP were included. A phase I cohort was treated with escalating vitamin K1 intravenous weekly doses and a 27-patient phase II cohort was then treated with a fixed oral daily dose.
resultsA maximum tolerated dose was not reached up to 100-fold the normal vitamin K1 dose. No toxicities were found up to 1,000 mg/infusion. In the phase II cohort, 93% of patients had tumor marker responses by decreased DCP levels, but only 22% had responses by decreased AFP levels. CT scans showed 11% of patients had PRs, 59% had stable tumors and 29.6% had tumor progression. Mechanism studies showed that vitamin K1 induced phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun and caspase-mediated apoptosis.
conclusionsVitamin K1 was non-toxic at high doses, strongly inhibited plasma DCP levels, but weakly suppressed AFP levels. The results provide evidence that the two tumor markers are not directly linked and that DCP levels may not reflect HCC cell growth, as DCP levels were decreased in patients without AFP change, and were suppressed in vitro at 1% of the vitamin K1 concentration needed to inhibit AFP.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.