ArticlePediatrics2011
Early-childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes are not improving for infants born at <25 weeks' gestational age.
Article in Pediatrics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global prevalence of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment following extremely preterm birth: a systematic literature review.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Pooled it
- Multicenter neonatal databases: Trends in research uses.BMC research notes · 2017Pooled it
- Recombinant human erythropoietin improves neurological outcomes in very preterm infants.Annals of neurology · 2016Trial
- Using simulation to assess the influence of race and insurer on shared decision making in periviable counseling.Simulation in healthcare : journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare · 2014Trial
- Correlation between initial neonatal and early childhood outcomes following preterm birth.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2014Trial
- Intensive care unit readmission during childhood after preterm birth with respiratory failure.The Journal of pediatrics · 2014Trial
- Burden of chronic disease on NICU families: developmental outcomes, psychological effects, and vulnerable child syndrome.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- Early medical risks to language development in extremely preterm infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Infant positioning for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Postnatal weight loss and neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 3 years in extremely preterm infants: a cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Subventricular zone stem cell niche injury is associated with intestinal perforation in preterm infants and predicts future motor impairment.Cell stem cell · 2024Article
- Virtual Visits for Developmental Screening in High-Risk Infants.The Permanente journal · 2023Article
- Incidence of Neonatal Seizures in China Based on Electroencephalogram Monitoring in Neonatal Neurocritical Care Units.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Language Impairment in Children of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes, Preeclampsia, and Preterm Delivery: Current Hypothesis and Potential Underlying Mechanisms : Language Impartment and Pregnancy Complications.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- NICU-based stress response and preterm infant neurobehavior: exploring the critical windows for exposure.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- The critical importance of follow-up to school age: Contributions of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network.Seminars in perinatology · 2022Article
- Early neurodevelopmental follow-up in the NICHD neonatal research network: Advancing neonatal care and outcomes, opportunities for the future.Seminars in perinatology · 2022Article
- Growth Trajectories during the First 6 Years in Survivors Born at Less Than 25 Weeks of Gestation Compared with Those between 25 and 29 Weeks.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Electroencephalography monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit: a Chinese perspective.Translational pediatrics · 2021Article
- Cord Blood Cytokine Levels Correlate With Types of Placental Pathology in Extremely Preterm Infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe compared neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age of infants born with extremely low birth weight at an estimated gestational age of <25 weeks during 2 periods: 1999-2001 (epoch 1) and 2002-2004 (epoch 2). PATIENTS AND
methodsWe conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Perinatal and neonatal variables and outcomes were compared between epochs. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age were evaluated with neurologic exams and Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. Logistic regression analyses determined the independent risk of epoch for adverse outcomes.
resultsInfant survival was similar between epochs (epoch 1, 35.4%, vs epoch 2, 32.3%; P = .09). A total of 411 of 452 surviving infants in epoch 1 and 405 of 438 surviving infants in epoch 2 were evaluated at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. Cesarean delivery (P = .03), surgery for patent ductus arteriosus (P = .004), and late sepsis (P = .01) were more common in epoch 2, but postnatal steroid use was dramatically reduced (63.5% vs 32.8%; P < .0001). Adverse outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age were common in both epochs. Moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy was diagnosed in 11.1% of surviving infants in epoch 1 and 14.9% in epoch 2 (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.52 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-2.71]; P = .15), the Mental Developmental Index was <70 in 44.9% in epoch 1 and 51% in epoch 2 (OR: 1.30 [95% CI: 0.91-1.87]; P = .15), and neurodevelopmental impairment was diagnosed in 50.1% of surviving infants in epoch 1 and 58.7% in epoch 2 (OR: 1.4 [95% CI: 0.98-2.04]; P = .07).
conclusionsEarly-childhood outcomes for infants born at <25 weeks' estimated gestational age were unchanged between the 2 periods.
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Registered trials
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