ArticleJournal of neuroimmunology2011
Age-associated alterations in sympathetic noradrenergic innervation of primary and secondary lymphoid organs in female Fischer 344 rats.
Article in Journal of neuroimmunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aging disrupts sympathetic innervation of the thymus.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Neural regulation of the thymus: past, current, and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Estrogen-receptor status determines differential regulation of α1- and α2-adrenoceptor-mediated cell survival, angiogenesis, and intracellular signaling responses in breast cancer cell lines.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Article
- Fibroblastic reticular cells in lymph node potentiate white adipose tissue beiging through neuro-immune crosstalk in male mice.Nature communications · 2023Article
- 17β-Estradiol Concentration and Direct βAnnals of neurosciences · 2022Article
- Immune cell compartmentalization for brain surveillance and protection.Nature immunology · 2021Review
- Clinical and Immune Responses of Peripheral Chemical Sympathectomy in Enterovirus 71 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Neuroimmunomodulation by estrogen in health and disease.AIMS neuroscience · 2020Review
- Toward the Existence of a Sympathetic Neuroplasticity Adaptive Mechanism Influencing the Immune Response. A Hypothetical View-Part II.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Association Between Splenic Contraction and the Systemic Inflammatory Response After Acute Ischemic Stroke Varies with Age and Race.Translational stroke research · 2018Article
- Mechanisms in hypertension and target organ damage: Is the role of the thymus key? (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2018Review
- Intrinsic and Extrinsic Thymic Adrenergic Networks: Sex Steroid-Dependent Plasticity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Review
- Loss of Sympathetic Nerves in Spleens from Patients with End Stage Sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Expression of lymphocyte-derived growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing hormone receptors in aging rats.Cellular immunology · 2013Article
- Bacopa monnieri and L-deprenyl differentially enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and nerve growth factor via ERK 1/2 and NF-κB pathways in the spleen of female wistar rats.Neurochemical research · 2013Article
- L-Deprenyl reverses age-associated decline in splenic norepinephrine, interleukin-2 and interferon-γ production in old female F344 rats.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2013Article
- Stress induced neuroendocrine-immune plasticity: A role for the spleen in peripheral inflammatory disease and inflammaging?Dermato-endocrinology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Normal aging processes, as well as, psychological stress affect the immune system; each can act alone, or interact with each other, to cause dysregulation of immune function substantially altering physical and mental health. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), a major mediator of stress effects on immune function, is significantly affected by normal aging process, and stress can affect aging of the SNS. Previously, we have shown age-associated changes in sympathetic noradrenergic (NA) innervation of lymphoid organs in male rodents that affect immune regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate sympathetic innervation of lymphoid organs and associated alterations in immune responses in young and aging female Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Histofluorescence and immunocytochemistry for NA innervation, and neurochemistry for norepinephrine (NE) levels were performed in the thymus, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) isolated from 3-month-old young (normal estrous cycle), 8- to 9-month-old (onset of irregular estrous cycling), and 24-25 month, and 30-31 month female F344 rats (acyclic) at diestrus based on vaginal smears. Age-related alterations in natural killer (NK) cell activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production, T and B lymphocyte proliferation were examined in splenocytes. Sympathetic NA innervation and NE levels increased with aging in the thymus, declined in spleen and MLN, and was accompanied by significant reductions in NK cell activity, IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and T and B cell proliferation in old female rats. In 8-9 mo rats, NE levels in the hilar region of the spleen and IFN-γ production were unaltered, while NE levels in the end region of the spleen and IL-2 production were reduced. Collectively, these results suggest that aging is characterized by significant alterations in sympathetic NA innervation in the thymus, spleen, and MLN associated with immunosuppression, and that there is a marked shift in NA activity and immune reactivity occurring during middle-aged female rats.
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Registered trials
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