ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2011
The association between blood pressure and years of schooling versus educational credentials: test of the sheepskin effect.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Hypertension Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Pooled it
- Educational Attainment and the Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SPRINT Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- A National Dyadic Study of Spousal Education and Hypertension Among Older Couples in the United States.Research on aging · 2025Article
- Differential associations between education and blood pressure by gender and race.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Do type, timing and duration of life course non-employment differentially predict dementia risk? An application of sequence analysis.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Geo-behavioural predictors of diagnosed hypertension in Igbo Ora Area, Oyo State, Nigeria.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Education differences in blood pressure trajectories by sex through midlife: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2018.Blood pressure monitoring · 2025Article
- Controlling for polygenic genetic confounding in epidemiologic association studies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Impact of Vietnam-era G.I. Bill eligibility on later-life blood pressure distribution: evidence from the Vietnam draft lottery natural experiment.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Quantile regressions as a tool to evaluate how an exposure shifts and reshapes the outcome distribution: A primer for epidemiologists.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Integrating genetic and socioeconomic data to predict the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.American journal of biological anthropology · 2024Article
- Multiethnic Perspectives of Shared Decision-Making in Hypertension: A Mixed-Methods Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic Associations With Blood Pressure in 10-14-Year-Old Adolescents.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2024Article
- Fear of a Black Neighborhood: Anti-Black Racism and the Health of White Americans.Social forces; a scientific medium of social study and interpretation · 2024Article
- Controlling for polygenic genetic confounding in epidemiologic association studies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Educational attainment, severity and short-term prognosis of intracerebral haemorrhage.BMJ neurology open · 2024Article
- Mixed effects logistic regression analysis of blood pressure among Ghanaians and associated risk factors.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Lifecourse Educational Trajectories and Hypertension in Midlife: An Application of Sequence Analysis.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic characteristics of African American women attending community blood pressure screenings.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAttaining a degree may offer greater opportunities for health than years of schooling alone. This study examines whether there is a degree, or "sheepskin," effect on the association between education and blood pressure.
methodsMultivariable-adjusted ordinal and linear regression models assessed associations of years of schooling and degree attainment with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a sample of 552 adults ages 38 to 47 years.
resultsYears of schooling was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure adjusting for age, gender and race (β = -0.4, 95% confidence limit: -0.7, -0.1 mmHg systolic blood pressure/year of schooling). Additional adjustment for mother's education, childhood verbal intelligence quotient, childhood health, and childhood socioeconomic status had minimal impact on effect size (β = -0.3, 95% confidence limit = -0.7, 0.0). However, years of schooling was no longer associated with blood pressure in the fully adjusted model which included additional adjustment for degree attained (β = 0.0, 95% confidence limit: -0.5, 0.4). In the fully adjusted model (including adjustment for years of schooling), individuals with a graduate degree still had significantly lower systolic blood pressure than HS degree-holders (e.g., β = -9.2, 95% confidence limit: -15.2, -3.2 for graduate vs high school degree). Findings were similar for diastolic blood pressure.
conclusionsThe association of years of schooling with blood pressure may be largely due to degree attainment rather than simply the knowledge and skills accumulated due to years of schooling alone.
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Registered trials
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