ArticleChemical research in toxicology2011
Immediate consequences of cigarette smoking: rapid formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diol epoxides.
Article in Chemical research in toxicology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- P53 codon 72 polymorphism, human papillomavirus infection, and their interaction to oral carcinoma susceptibility.BMC genetics · 2015Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between EPHX1 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- DNA repair gene XRCC1 polymorphisms and head and neck cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis including 16344 subjects.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Phenanthrene metabolism in smokers: use of a two-step diagnostic plot approach to identify subjects with extensive metabolic activation.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2012Trial
- Metabolism of [D10]phenanthrene to tetraols in smokers for potential lung cancer susceptibility assessment: comparison of oral and inhalation routes of administration.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2011Trial
- Effects of Cigarette-Derived Compounds on the Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance in Artificial Human Lung Sputum Medium, Simulated Environmental Media, and Wastewater.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Systemic inflammation mediates environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to increase chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk in United States adults: a cross-sectional NHANES study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water through degradable polycaprolactone electrospun membrane.Turkish journal of chemistry · 2022Article
- Simultaneous analysis of PAH urinary mono- and dihydroxylated metabolites by GC-MS-MS following SPE and two-stage derivatization.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2021Article
- Recent Developments in the Determination of Biomarkers of Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Biological Specimens: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Article
- Benzo[ a]pyrene Induction of Glutathione S-Transferases: An Activity-Based Protein Profiling Investigation.Chemical research in toxicology · 2019Article
- Association of DNA repair genes polymorphisms and mutations with increased risk of head and neck cancer: a review.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2017Review
- Biomarkers of exposure to new and emerging tobacco delivery products.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2017Review
- Automated 3-D Printed Arrays to Evaluate Genotoxic Chemistry: E-Cigarettes and Water Samples.ACS sensors · 2017Article
- Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure: Summary of an FDA-Sponsored Public Workshop.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2017Article
- Metabolites of the PAH diol epoxide pathway and other urinary biomarkers of phenanthrene and pyrene in workers with and without exposure to bitumen fumes.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2016Article
- Simultaneous Determination of 13 Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tehran's Tap Water and Water for Injection Samples Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro Extraction Method and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2016Article
- Determination of parent and hydroxy PAHs in personal PM₂.₅ and urine samples collected during Native American fish smoking activities.The Science of the total environment · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are among the likely major causative agents for lung cancer in smokers. PAH require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects, and one important pathway proceeds through a three-step sequence resulting in the formation of diol epoxides, which react with DNA to produce adducts that can cause mutations and initiate the carcinogenic process. However, no previous published studies have examined this critical pathway in humans specifically exposed to PAH by inhalation of cigarette smoke. This study used a unique approach employing a stable isotope derivative of phenanthrene, the simplest PAH with a bay region, a feature closely associated with PAH carcinogenicity. Twelve subjects each smoked a cigarette to which [D(10)]phenanthrene had been added. Plasma was analyzed for [D(10)]r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene ([D(10)]PheT), the major end product of the diol epoxide metabolism pathway of phenanthrene. The analysis was performed by gas chromatography--negative ion chemical ionization--tandem mass spectrometry, using [(13)C(6)]PheT as internal standard. The results demonstrated that the three-step pathway resulting in the formation of diol epoxides, as monitored by [D(10)]PheT, occurred with remarkable rapidity. Levels of [D(10)]PheT in plasma of all subjects were maximal at the earliest time points examined, 15-30 min after smoking the cigarette containing [D(10)]phenanthrene, and decreased thereafter. These results demonstrate that the formation of a PAH diol epoxide occurs rapidly in smokers. Because PAH diol epoxides are mutagenic and carcinogenic, the results clearly demonstrate immediate negative health consequences of smoking, which should serve as a major warning to anyone contemplating initiating tobacco use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.