Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21183009›Full record

ReviewBiological psychiatry2011

Genetic neuropathology of schizophrenia: new approaches to an old question and new uses for postmortem human brains.

Joel E Kleinman, Amanda J Law, Barbara K Lipska, Thomas M Hyde, Justin K Ellis, Paul J Harrison, Daniel R Weinberger

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biological psychiatry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. CACNA1C (CaNeuropharmacology · 2022
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Progress in Human Brain Banking in China.Neuroscience bulletin · 2019
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Expression of D-Amino Acid Oxidase (Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2017
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Joel E KleinmanSection on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. joel.kleinman@mail.nih.gov
Amanda J Law
Barbara K Lipska
Thomas M Hyde
Justin K Ellis
Paul J Harrison
Daniel R Weinberger
National Institutes of Health · USNational Institute of Mental Health · USUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Postmortem Brain Tissue Examination in Neuropsychiatric DisordersZIAMH002399 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI AMARA, SUSAN · 2009 to 2014
$11.9M
POSTMORTEM BRAIN TISSUE EXAMINATION IN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERSZ01MH002399 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI KLEINMAN, JOEL · 1987 to 2008
$5.4M
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 MH002399Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human postmortem brain studies are critical for elucidating the pathophysiology and etiology of schizophrenia and other major mental illnesses. The traditional approach compares patients and control subjects but is potentially confounded by a number of artifacts, including medication, substance misuse, and other secondary effects of illness. Genetic advances now make possible a novel approach that focuses on how allelic variation in risk-associated genes affects expression and function of transcripts and proteins. These questions can be addressed in normal brain, overcoming to some extent the confounding effects of studying brains from subjects with schizophrenia; equally, extension of the studies to include cases also has advantages. Conceptually, the approach may be seen as the neuropathologic counterpart of genetic neuroimaging, representing a potentially powerful intermediate phenotype. For several schizophrenia susceptibility genes, the data show that risk-associated polymorphisms do affect gene expression or the function of the encoded protein; in some instances, expression of downstream or interacting partners of the gene are also altered. A further striking finding is that the implicated transcripts often appear to be enriched in, or specific to, human brain. Some also show enhanced expression in fetal brain. These considerations give unique importance to postmortem human brain tissue in elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying schizophrenia and probably other neurodevelopmental disorders as well. Studies of this kind can provide clues as to the biological mechanisms of genetic association, especially when carried out in conjunction with experimental studies. Moreover, the data, interpreted judiciously, can strengthen the plausibility of the association itself.

Indexed as

Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseAutopsyBrainGene Expression RegulationGenetic VariationHumansNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuropsychiatryPostmortem ChangesRisk FactorsSchizophreniaNerve Tissue Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21183009
PMCPMC4351748
OpenAlexW2074270215

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.