ArticleGenome biology2010
Activity map of the tammar X chromosome shows that marsupial X inactivation is incomplete and escape is stochastic.
Article in Genome biology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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27 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of the RSX interactome in a marsupial shows functional coherence with the Xist interactome during X inactivation.Genome biology · 2024Article
- X chromosome inactivation in the human placenta is patchy and distinct from adult tissues.HGG advances · 2022Article
- Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation: proposed role in suppression of the male programme in genetic females.Journal of genetics · 2022Article
- Convergence in LINE-1 nucleotide variations can benefit redundantly forming triplexes with lncRNA in mammalian X-chromosome inactivation.Mobile DNA · 2019Article
- The Methylome of Vertebrate Sex Chromosomes.Genes · 2018Review
- Sex disparities in substance abuse research: Evaluating 23 years of structural neuroimaging studies.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Review
- Evolution of vertebrate sex chromosomes and dosage compensation.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2016Review
- Weird mammals provide insights into the evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes and dosage compensation.Journal of genetics · 2015Review
- Paternal X inactivation does not correlate with X chromosome evolutionary strata in marsupials.BMC evolutionary biology · 2014Article
- X chromosome regulation: diverse patterns in development, tissues and disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2014Review
- Equal ≠ the same: sex differences in the human brain.Cerebrum : the Dana forum on brain science · 2014Article
- Chromosome-wide profiling of X-chromosome inactivation and epigenetic states in fetal brain and placenta of the opossum, Monodelphis domestica.Genome research · 2014Article
- Smchd1 regulates a subset of autosomal genes subject to monoallelic expression in addition to being critical for X inactivation.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2013Article
- Advances in understanding chromosome silencing by the long non-coding RNA Xist.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2013Review
- Independent evolution of transcriptional inactivation on sex chromosomes in birds and mammals.PLoS genetics · 2013Article
- Random X inactivation in the mule and horse placenta.Genome research · 2012Article
- Mammalian X chromosome inactivation evolved as a dosage-compensation mechanism for dosage-sensitive genes on the X chromosome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2012Article
- A cross-species comparison of escape from X inactivation in Eutheria: implications for evolution of X chromosome inactivation.Chromosoma · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundX chromosome inactivation is a spectacular example of epigenetic silencing. In order to deduce how this complex system evolved, we examined X inactivation in a model marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). In marsupials, X inactivation is known to be paternal, incomplete and tissue-specific, and occurs in the absence of an XIST orthologue.
resultsWe examined expression of X-borne genes using quantitative PCR, revealing a range of dosage compensation for different loci. To assess the frequency of 1X- or 2X-active fibroblasts, we investigated expression of 32 X-borne genes at the cellular level using RNA-FISH. In female fibroblasts, two-color RNA-FISH showed that genes were coordinately expressed from the same X (active X) in nuclei in which both loci were inactivated. However, loci on the other X escape inactivation independently, with each locus showing a characteristic frequency of 1X-active and 2X-active nuclei, equivalent to stochastic escape. We constructed an activity map of the tammar wallaby inactive X chromosome, which identified no relationship between gene location and extent of inactivation, nor any correlation with the presence or absence of a Y-borne paralog.
conclusionsIn the tammar wallaby, one X (presumed to be maternal) is expressed in all cells, but genes on the other (paternal) X escape inactivation independently and at characteristic frequencies. The paternal and incomplete X chromosome inactivation in marsupials, with stochastic escape, appears to be quite distinct from the X chromosome inactivation process in eutherians. We find no evidence for a polar spread of inactivation from an X inactivation center.
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