ArticleJournal of neurochemistry2011
Inhibition of cPLA2 activation by Ginkgo biloba extract protects spinal cord neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress-induced cell death.
Article in Journal of neurochemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ginkgo biloba as a Promising Candidate for Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights From Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Pooled it
- Arachidonic acid metabolism in spinal cord injury.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- A Review of the Potential Use of Antioxidants in Spinal Cord Injuries.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Modulation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2023Article
- TiOAdvances in neurobiology · 2023Review
- Restoring mitochondrial cardiolipin homeostasis reduces cell death and promotes recovery after spinal cord injury.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Phospholipase AScience advances · 2021Article
- The Synergistic Effect ofDrug design, development and therapy · 2021Article
- Ginkgo biloba extract improves cognitive function and increases neurogenesis by reducing Aβ pathology in 5×FAD mice.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Phospholipase AACS nano · 2020Article
- Natural products as safeguards against monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2020Review
- Effects ofEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- The Importance of Natural Antioxidants in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Animal Models: An Overview.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Review
- Essential Dietary Bioactive Lipids in Neuroinflammatory Diseases.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2018Review
- Minocycline targets multiple secondary injury mechanisms in traumatic spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2017Review
- Reduction of cytosolic phospholipase A2α upregulation delays the onset of symptoms in SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2016Article
- Damage response involves mechanisms conserved across plants, animals and fungi.Current genetics · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) has been shown to be neuroprotective; however, the mechanism by which EGb761 mediates neuroprotection remains unclear. We hypothesized that the neuroprotective effect of EGb761 is mediated by inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), an enzyme that is known to play a key role in mediating secondary pathogenesis after acute spinal cord injury (SCI). To determine whether EGb761 neuroprotection involves the cPLA(2) pathway, we first investigated the effect of glutamate and hydrogen peroxide on cPLA(2) activation. Results showed that both insults induced an increase in the expression of phosphorylated cPLA(2) (p-cPLA(2)), a marker of cPLA(2) activation, and neuronal death in vitro. Such effects were significantly reversed by EGb761 administration. Additionally, EGb761 significantly decreased prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release, a downstream metabolite of cPLA(2). Moreover, inhibition of cPLA(2) activity with arachidonyl trifluromethyl ketone improved neuroprotection against glutamate and hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal death, and reversed Bcl-2/Bax ratio; notably, EGb761 produced greater effects than arachidonyl trifluromethyl ketone. Finally, we showed that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway is involved in EGb761's modulation of cPLA(2) phosphorylation. These results collectively suggest that the protective effect of EGb761 is mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of cPLA(2) activation, and that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway may play an important role in mediating the EGb761's effect.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.