Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21182352›Full record

ReviewJournal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research2011

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA, RNA editing, and interferon action.

Cyril X George, Zhenji Gan, Yong Liu, Charles E Samuel

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

69 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  6. Review
  7. A Manual for Genome and Transcriptome Engineering.IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering · 2025
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  18. Identification of five novel variants ofFrontiers in pediatrics · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Cyril X GeorgeDepartment of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
Zhenji Gan
Yong Liu
Charles E Samuel
Chinese Academy of Sciences · CNUniversity of California, Santa Barbara · US

Funding

INTERFERON ACTION AND PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATIONR01AI020611 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI SAMUEL, CHARLES E · 1985 to 2014
$3.4M
MECHANISM OF INTERFERON ACTIONR01AI012520 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI SAMUEL, CHARLES E · 1985 to 2009
$3.1M
MECHANISM OF INTERFERON ACTIONR37AI012520 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI SAMUEL, CHARLES E. · 1989 to 1998
–
NIAID NIH HHS AI-12520NIAID NIH HHS AI-20611NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI020611
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) catalyze adenosine (A) to inosine (I) editing of RNA that possesses double-stranded (ds) structure. A-to-I RNA editing results in nucleotide substitution, because I is recognized as G instead of A both by ribosomes and by RNA polymerases. A-to-I substitution can also cause dsRNA destabilization, as I:U mismatch base pairs are less stable than A:U base pairs. Three mammalian ADAR genes are known, of which two encode active deaminases (ADAR1 and ADAR2). Alternative promoters together with alternative splicing give rise to two protein size forms of ADAR1: an interferon-inducible ADAR1-p150 deaminase that binds dsRNA and Z-DNA, and a constitutively expressed ADAR1-p110 deaminase. ADAR2, like ADAR1-p110, is constitutively expressed and binds dsRNA. A-to-I editing occurs with both viral and cellular RNAs, and affects a broad range of biological processes. These include virus growth and persistence, apoptosis and embryogenesis, neurotransmitter receptor and ion channel function, pancreatic cell function, and post-transcriptional gene regulation by microRNAs. Biochemical processes that provide a framework for understanding the physiologic changes following ADAR-catalyzed A-to-I ( = G) editing events include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA-structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicRNA EditingAdenosine DeaminaseAnimalsHumansInterferonsIsoenzymesProtein Interaction Domains and MotifsRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, Double-StrandedADARB1 protein, humanAdenosine DeaminaseInterferonsIsoenzymesRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, Double-Stranded

Identifiers

PMID21182352
PMCPMC3034097
OpenAlexW2148903648

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.