ArticlePloS one2010
HIV tropism and decreased risk of breast cancer.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Navigating the Nexus: HIV and Breast Cancer-A Critical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Incidence of cervical, breast and colorectal cancers between 2010 and 2015 in people living with HIV in France.PloS one · 2022Article
- Breast cancer, human immunodeficiency virus and highly active antiretroviral treatment; implications for a high-rate seropositive region.Oncology reviews · 2019Article
- Risk of Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer Diagnoses Among HIV-Infected Individuals in the United States.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2018Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus infection in breast cancer patients: The prevalence thereof and its effect on breast cancer characteristics at Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital Breast Clinic, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa.SA journal of radiology · 2018Article
- Cancer screening in women living with HIV infection.Women's health (London, England) · 2017Article
- Clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients with HIV/AIDS: a retrospective study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2015Article
- Risk of breast cancer with CXCR4-using HIV defined by V3 loop sequencing.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Screening guidelines for non-AIDS defining cancers in HIV-infected individuals.Current opinion in oncology · 2013Review
- Breast cancer characteristics and HIV among 1,092 women in Soweto, South Africa.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2013Article
- HIV-associated lung cancer: ambiguities and challenges.AIDS (London, England) · 2012Article
- Peripheral blood immunologic phenotype of population-based breast cancer cases and matched controls.European journal of clinical investigation · 2012Article
- HIV and cancer in Africa: mutual collaboration between HIV and cancer programs may provide timely research and public health data.Infectious agents and cancer · 2011Article
- Cancer screening in patients infected with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2011Review
- Characteristics of non-AIDS-defining malignancies in the HAART era: a clinico-epidemiological study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDuring the first two decades of the U.S. AIDS epidemic, and unlike some malignancies, breast cancer risk was significantly lower for women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to the general population. This deficit in HIV-associated breast cancer could not be attributed to differences in survival, immune deficiency, childbearing or other breast cancer risk factors. HIV infects mononuclear immune cells by binding to the CD4 molecule and to CCR5 or CXCR4 chemokine coreceptors. Neoplastic breast cells commonly express CXCR4 but not CCR5. In vitro, binding HIV envelope protein to CXCR4 has been shown to induce apoptosis of neoplastic breast cells. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that breast cancer risk would be lower among women with CXCR4-tropic HIV infection. METHODS AND
findingsWe conducted a breast cancer nested case-control study among women who participated in the WIHS and HERS HIV cohort studies with longitudinally collected risk factor data and plasma. Cases were HIV-infected women (mean age 46 years) who had stored plasma collected within 24 months of breast cancer diagnosis and an HIV viral load≥500 copies/mL. Three HIV-infected control women, without breast cancer, were matched to each case based on age and plasma collection date. CXCR4-tropism was determined by a phenotypic tropism assay. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer were estimated by exact conditional logistic regression. Two (9%) of 23 breast cancer cases had CXCR4-tropic HIV, compared to 19 (28%) of 69 matched controls. Breast cancer risk was significantly and independently reduced with CXCR4 tropism (adjusted odds ratio, 0.10, 95% CI 0.002-0.84) and with menopause (adjusted odds ratio, 0.08, 95% CI 0.001-0.83). Adjustment for CD4+ cell count, HIV viral load, and use of antiretroviral therapy did not attenuate the association between infection with CXCR4-tropic HIV and breast cancer.
conclusionsLow breast cancer risk with HIV is specifically linked to CXCR4-using variants of HIV. These variants are thought to exclusively bind to and signal through a receptor that is commonly expressed on hyperplastic and neoplastic breast duct cells. Additional studies are needed to confirm these observations and to understand how CXCR4 might reduce breast cancer risk.
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