Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21178496›Full record

ArticleVirulence

Glucuronoxylomannan, galactoxylomannan, and mannoprotein occupy spatially separate and discrete regions in the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Magdia De Jesus, André Moraes Nicola, Siu-Kei Chow, Ian R Lee, Shuhua Nong, Charles A Specht, Stuart M Levitz, Arturo Casadevall

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Virulence. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Molecular Architecture ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Repositioning Antimicrobial Peptides Against WHO-Priority Fungi.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Methods of Cryptococcal Polysaccharide Analysis Using ELISA.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024
    Article
  10. Global trends inFrontiers in immunology · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. The capsule ofVirulence · 2019
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Peeling the onion: the outer layers of Cryptococcus neoformans.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2018
    Review
  19. Immune Recognition of Fungal Polysaccharides.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Magdia De JesusDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
André Moraes Nicola
Siu-Kei Chow
Ian R Lee
Shuhua Nong
Charles A Specht
Stuart M Levitz
Arturo Casadevall
The Bronx Defenders · USAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical School · USMassachusetts Academy of Math and Science at WPI · US

Funding

Synergy of Host Defense Mechanisms in the LungR01HL059842 · NHLBI · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI CASADEVALL, ARTURO · 1997 to 2023
$7.4M
ROLE OF MACROPHAGES IN CRYPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONSR01AI025780 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI LEVITZ, STUART MICHAEL · 1987 to 2019
$7.1M
IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNUNOOCOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMT32CA009173 · NCI · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI NATHENSON, STANLEY G · 1985 to 2009
$5.8M
PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES FOR CRYPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONSR01AI033774 · NIAID · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI CASADEVALL, ARTURO · 1994 to 2014
$5.6M
Molecular Characterization of C. neoformans AntibodiesR37AI033142 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CASADEVALL, ARTURO · 2007 to 2016
$3.9M
Model Vaccines Exploiting Fungal MannosylationR01AI066087 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI LEVITZ, STUART MICHAEL · 2005 to 2009
$1.8M
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF C NEOFORMANS ANTIBODIESR01AI033142 · NIAID · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI CASADEVALL, ARTURO · 1994 to 2006
$1.7M
NCI NIH HHS 2T32CA009173-31NHLBI NIH HHS HL59842-01NIAID NIH HHS AI025780NIAID NIH HHS AI066087NIAID NIH HHS AI33142NIAID NIH HHS AI33774NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI025780NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI066087
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The capsular polysaccharides of Cryptococcus neoformans have historically been divided into three components namely, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), galactoxylomannan (GalXM), and mannoprotein (MP) but their relative spatial-geographical relationship in the capsule is unknown.  To explore this problem would require the capacity for visualizing these components in the capsule.  Prior studies have reported serological reagents to GXM and GalXM but no antibodies are available against MPs.  Consequently, we immunized Balb/c mice with C. neoformans recombinant mannoprotein 98 and recovered twelve monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of which one, an IgG2a designated 18F2, bound to intact cells by immunofluorescence. mAb 18F2 bound to the cell wall surface in acapsular and encapsulated cells.  Using mAb 18F2 and previously generated antibodies to GXM and GalXM we have established the localization of three capsular components GXM, GalXM and one type of mannoprotein, MP98 on the C. neoformans cell.  The results show that MP98, like GalXM, is found near the cell wall and this information allows us to begin to discern the geography of the cryptococcal capsule.

Indexed as

Amino Acid SequenceAnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, FungalBase SequenceCell WallCryptococcus neoformansEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFluorescent Antibody TechniqueGlycosylationMembrane GlycoproteinsMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMolecular Sequence DataPolymerase Chain ReactionPolysaccharidesAntibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, FungalgalactoxylomannanglucuronoxylomannanmannoproteinsMembrane GlycoproteinsPolysaccharidesPolysaccharides, Bacterial

Identifiers

PMID21178496
PMCPMC3073359
OpenAlexW2164456733

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.