Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21177904›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2011

Detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium spp. in human clinical samples by use of real-time PCR.

Stephen J Hadfield, Guy Robinson, Kristin Elwin, Rachel M Chalmers

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Evaluation of the Biosynex AMPLIQUICKFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
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  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Molecular and Epidemiological Investigation ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Detection ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Genetic Characterization and Zoonotic Potential ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2025
    Article
  15. Investigating genetic diversity withinCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Assessment of the potential occurrence ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Stephen J HadfieldUK Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology, Swansea SA2 8QA, United Kingdom.
Guy Robinson
Kristin Elwin
Rachel M Chalmers

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Real-time PCR has the potential to streamline detection and identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in human clinical samples. In the present article, we report the first such assay to allow not only detection and differentiation of the most common human pathogens, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum, but also simultaneous amplification of a region of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, permitting direct sequence analysis to identify any Cryptosporidium species. An internal control is incorporated to identify the presence of PCR inhibitors. Analytical sensitivity was determined to be as low as 200 oocysts per gram of feces processed, equivalent to 2 oocysts per PCR. The C. hominis and C. parvum PCRs specifically detected only species/genotypes in their respective target clades. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, evaluated against a widely used conventional nested SSU rRNA gene PCR as a nominated gold standard using a panel of 258 (151 positive and 107 negative) samples, were 100% and 99.1%, respectively. The assay agreed with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene for 134 of 136 (98.5%) samples tested prospectively and typed two additional isolates. The real-time PCR assay was sensitive, specific, and reproducible and significantly improved laboratory work flow and turnaround times.

Indexed as

CryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiumDNA, ProtozoanDNA, RibosomalGenes, rRNAHumansMolecular Diagnostic TechniquesMolecular Sequence DataParasitologyPolymerase Chain ReactionRNA, ProtozoanRNA, Ribosomal, 18SSensitivity and SpecificitySequence Analysis, DNADNA, ProtozoanDNA, RibosomalRNA, ProtozoanRNA, Ribosomal, 18S

Identifiers

PMID21177904
PMCPMC3067739

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.