ArticleNucleic acids research2011
Arxes: retrotransposed genes required for adipogenesis.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding gene networks controlling hypothalamic and prethalamic neuron development.Cell reports · 2025Article
- White Adipocyte Stem Cell Expansion Through Infant Formula Feeding: New Insights into Epigenetic Programming Explaining the Early Protein Hypothesis of Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Decoding Gene Networks Controlling Hypothalamic and Prethalamic Neuron Development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Convergent Evolution in a Murine Intestinal Parasite Rapidly Created the TGM Family of Molecular Mimics to Suppress the Host Immune Response.Genome biology and evolution · 2023Review
- Maternal high-fat diet programs white and brown adipose tissue lipidome and transcriptome in offspring in a sex- and tissue-dependent manner in mice.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Article
- A proteome-wide map of 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol interactors in cell membranes.Nature chemical biology · 2021Article
- Critical role of the peroxisomal protein PEX16 in white adipocyte development and lipid homeostasis.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2017Article
- Novel Role of 3'UTR-Embedded Alu Elements as Facilitators of Processed Pseudogene Genesis and Host Gene Capture by Viral Genomes.PloS one · 2016Article
- 14-3-3ζ coordinates adipogenesis of visceral fat.Nature communications · 2015Article
- Molecular aspects of adipoepithelial transdifferentiation in mouse mammary gland.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2014Article
- Metabolite and transcriptome analysis during fasting suggest a role for the p53-Ddit4 axis in major metabolic tissues.BMC genomics · 2013Article
- Nr4a1 is required for fasting-induced down-regulation of Pparγ2 in white adipose tissue.Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2013Article
- α/β-hydrolase domain containing protein 15 (ABHD15)--an adipogenic protein protecting from apoptosis.PloS one · 2013Article
- Transposable elements and viruses as factors in adaptation and evolution: an expansion and strengthening of the TE-Thrust hypothesis.Ecology and evolution · 2012Article
- Transcriptional regulatory program in wild-type and retinoblastoma gene-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts during adipocyte differentiation.BMC research notes · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Retrotransposed sequences arise from messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that have been reinserted into genomic DNA by reverse transcription. Usually, these sequences are embedded in dormant regions, collect missense mutations over time and constitute processed, nonfunctional pseudogenes. There are thousands of processed pseudogenes in the mouse and human genome. Here, we report evidence for two paralog genes (termed Arxes1 and Arxes2), which arose by retrotransposition of the signal peptidase Spcs3 followed by a segmental duplication event. They gained a functional promoter that we show to be transactivated by adipogenic transcription factors. We further show that the Arxes mRNAs are highly expressed in adipose tissue and strongly upregulated during adipogenesis in different cell models. Additionally, their expression is elevated by an anti-diabetic agent in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we provide evidence that the Arxes genes are translated and that the proteins are located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Although the sequence similarity and subcellular location are reminiscent of their parental gene, our data suggest that the Arxes have developed a different function, since their expression is required for adipogenesis, whereas Spcs3 is dispensable. In summary, we report retrotransposed-duplicated genes that evolved from a parental gene to function in a tissue and adipogenesis-specific context.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.