ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2011
Varicella zoster disease of the central nervous system: epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features 10 years after the introduction of the varicella vaccine.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serious neurological adverse events in immunocompetent children and adolescents caused by viral reactivation in the years following varicella vaccination.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- New Insights Into the Therapeutic Management of Varicella Zoster Virus Meningitis: A Series of 123 Polymerase Chain Reaction-Confirmed Cases.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Varicella zoster virus and the central nervous system.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Varicella zoster virus-related myelitis: a case series and literature review.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Cryogenic electron tomography reveals herpesvirus capsid assembly intermediates inside the cell nucleus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Encephalitis: Single Center Experience.Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2026Article
- Atypical Bilobed Lymphocytes in CSF: Diagnostic Insights into Varicella Zoster Virus Meningitis and Herpes Zoster with Temporal Presentations.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Varicella-Zoster Virus Reactivation Presenting as Cranial Neuritis Without Rash in Late Pregnancy: A Case Report.Case reports in obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Perspectives on the History and Epidemiology of the Varicella Virus Vaccine and Future Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics and treatment of varicella zoster virus central nervous system infection in an Australian tertiary hospital.Internal medicine journal · 2025Article
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Varicella-Zoster Disease of the Central Nervous System in Immunocompetent Children: Case Series and a Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Atypical Meningoencephalomyelitis Following Varicella Zoster Virus Infection.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Encephalitis in HIV-infected adults in the antiretroviral therapy era.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Two cases of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome following varicella zoster viral meningitis in young immunocompetent men: case reports.BMC neurology · 2023Article
- Carbohydrates: Binding Sites and Potential Drug Targets for Neural-Affecting Pathogens.Advances in neurobiology · 2023Article
- Comparisons in the changes of clinical characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles between varicella-zoster virus meningitis/encephalitis and other central nervous system infections.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
- Vaccine Strain and Wild-Type Clades of Varicella-Zoster Virus in Central Nervous System and Non-CNS Disease, New York State, 2004-2019.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- Detection of human herpesviruses in cerebrospinal fluids collected from patients suspected of neuroinfectious diseases.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSince the introduction of live attenuated varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccine in 1995 there has been a significant reduction in varicella incidence and its associated complications, but the impact on VZV-associated central nervous system (CNS) disease has not been assessed.
methodsIn this descriptive study we evaluated patients referred to the California Encephalitis Project from 1998 to 2009 with VZV PCR-positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected using a standardized case form. Specimens were genotyped using multi-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis.
resultsTwenty-six specimens were genotyped from patients 12-85 years of age (median, 46 years). Clinical presentations included meningitis (50%), encephalitis (42%), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (8%). Only 11 patients (42%) had a concomitant herpes zoster rash. Genotype analysis identified 20 European Group (Clade1, Clade 3) strains; 4 Asian (Clade 2) strains, and 2 Mosaic Group (Clade 4, Clade VI) strains. One specimen was recognized as vaccine strain by identifying vaccine-associated SNPs.
conclusionsVZV continues to be associated with CNS disease, with meningitis being the most frequent clinical presentation. CNS VZV disease often presented without accompanying zoster rash. Sequencing data revealed multiple genotypes, including 1 vaccine strain detected in the CSF of a young patient with meningitis.
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