Trial reportLancet (London, England)2011
Effect of single-dose anthelmintic treatment during pregnancy on an infant's response to immunisation and on susceptibility to infectious diseases in infancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Trial report in Lancet (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasite immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of mass deworming with antihelminthics for soil-transmitted helminths during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Antihelminthics in helminth-endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Under-reporting of venous and arterial thrombotic events in randomized clinical trials: a meta-analysis.Internal and emergency medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Cohort profile: the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBS).BMJ open · 2026Trial
- Schistosome and malaria exposure and urban-rural differences in vaccine responses in Uganda: a causal mediation analysis using data from three linked randomised controlled trials.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Trial
- The effect of BCG revaccination on the response to unrelated vaccines in urban Ugandan adolescents (POPVAC C): an open-label, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Trial
- The ferroportin Q248H mutation protects from anemia, but not malaria or bacteremia.Science advances · 2019Trial
- Effects of treating helminths during pregnancy and early childhood on risk of allergy-related outcomes: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2017Trial
- The impact of prenatal exposure to parasitic infections and to anthelminthic treatment on antibody responses to routine immunisations given in infancy: Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Effect of Antihelminthic Treatment on Vaccine Immunogenicity to a Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Primary School Children in Gabon: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Trial
- Maternal HIV infection and other factors associated with growth outcomes of HIV-uninfected infants in Entebbe, Uganda.Public health nutrition · 2013Trial
- Can combination prevention strategies reduce HIV transmission in generalized epidemic settings in Africa? The HPTN 071 (PopART) study plan in South Africa and Zambia.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Effects of maternal worm infections and anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy on infant motor and neurocognitive functioning.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2012Trial
- The effect of anthelmintic treatment during pregnancy on HIV plasma viral load: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Uganda.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2012Trial
- Trial
- Treatment with anthelminthics during pregnancy: what gains and what risks for the mother and child?Parasitology · 2011Trial
- A description of congenital anomalies among infants in Entebbe, Uganda.Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology · 2011Trial
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHelminth infections affect the human immune response. We investigated whether prenatal exposure to and treatment of maternal helminth infections affects development of an infant's immune response to immunisations and unrelated infections.
methodsIn this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled 2507 women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy who were planning to deliver in Entebbe General Hospital, Entebbe, Uganda. With a computer-generated random number sequence in blocks of 100, we assigned patients to 440 mg albendazole and 40 mg/kg praziquantel (n=628), 440 mg albendazole and a praziquantel-matching placebo (n=625), 40 mg/kg praziquantel and an albendazole-matching placebo (n=626), or an albendazole-matching placebo and praziquantel-matching placebo (n=628). All participants and hospital staff were masked to allocation. Primary outcomes were immune response at age 1 year to BCG, tetanus, and measles immunisation; incidence of infectious diseases during infancy; and vertical HIV transmission. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN32849447.
findingsData were available at delivery for 2356 women, with 2345 livebirths; 2115 (90%) of liveborn infants remained in follow-up at 1 year of age. Neither albendazole nor praziquantel treatments affected infant response to BCG, tetanus, or measles immunisation. However, in infants of mothers with hookworm infection, albendazole treatment reduced interleukin-5 (geometric mean ratio 0·50, 95% CI 0·30-0·81, interaction p=0·02) and interleukin-13 (0·52, 0·34-0·82, 0·0005) response to tetanus toxoid. The rate per 100 person-years of malaria was 40·9 (95% CI 38·3-43·7), of diarrhoea was 134·1 (129·2-139·2), and of pneumonia was 22·3 (20·4-24·4). We noted no effect on infectious disease incidence for albendazole treatment (malaria [hazard ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·79-1.14], diarrhoea [1·06, 0·96-1·16], pneumonia [1·11, 0·90-1·38]) or praziquantel treatment (malaria [1·00, 0·84-1·20], diarrhoea [1·07, 0·98-1·18], pneumonia [1·00, 0·80-1·24]). In HIV-exposed infants, 39 (18%) were infected at 6 weeks; vertical transmission was not associated with albendazole (odds ratio 0·70, 95% CI 0·35-1·42) or praziquantel (0·60, 0·29-1·23) treatment.
interpretationThese results do not accord with the recently advocated policy of routine antenatal anthelmintic treatment, and the value of such a policy may need to be reviewed.
fundingWellcome Trust.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.