ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2011
Animal modelling of traumatic brain injury in preclinical drug development: where do we go from here?
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monitoring vigabatrin in head injury patients by cerebral microdialysis: obtaining pharmacokinetic measurements in a neurocritical care setting.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Trial
- Diffuse traumatic brain injury in mice is associated with a transient mismatch of cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Article
- Astrocyte activation persists one year after TBI: a dynamic shift from inflammation to neurodegeneration.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Relevance in Clinical Settings.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- A larval zebrafish model of traumatic brain injury: optimizing the dose of neurotrauma for discovery of treatments and aetiology.Biology open · 2025Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury Promotes Neurogenesis and Oligodendrogenesis in Subcortical Brain Regions of Mice.Cells · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the neuroprotective potential of benzylidene digoxin 15 against oxidative stress in a neuroinflammation models induced by lipopolysaccharide and on neuronal differentiation of hippocampal neural precursor cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Clinical Insights and Future Directions in Hypothermia for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- An injectable refrigerated hydrogel for inducing local hypothermia and neuroprotection against traumatic brain injury in mice.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Clinical Management in Traumatic Brain Injury.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Hydrogel in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury.Biomaterials research · 2024Review
- An overview of preclinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI): relevance to pathophysiological mechanisms.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-COVID Era.Neurotrauma reports · 2024Review
- Exosomes Interactions with the Blood-Brain Barrier: Implications for Cerebral Disorders and Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Increasing Rigor of Preclinical Research to Maximize Opportunities for Translation.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- ApoE Mimetic Peptides as Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- Do astrocytes act as immune cells after pediatric TBI?Neurobiology of disease · 2023Review
- Single Versus Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Knowledge on the Chronic Outcomes, Neuropathology and the Role of TDP-43 Proteinopathy.Experimental neurobiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Potential Biomarkers in Experimental Animal Models for Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in young adults. Survivors of TBI frequently suffer from long-term personality changes and deficits in cognitive and motor performance, urgently calling for novel pharmacological treatment options. To date, all clinical trials evaluating neuroprotective compounds have failed in demonstrating clinical efficacy in cohorts of severely injured TBI patients. The purpose of the present review is to describe the utility of animal models of TBI for preclinical evaluation of pharmacological compounds. No single animal model can adequately mimic all aspects of human TBI owing to the heterogeneity of clinical TBI. To successfully develop compounds for clinical TBI, a thorough evaluation in several TBI models and injury severities is crucial. Additionally, brain pharmacokinetics and the time window must be carefully evaluated. Although the search for a single-compound, 'silver bullet' therapy is ongoing, a combination of drugs targeting various aspects of neuroprotection, neuroinflammation and regeneration may be needed. In summary, finding drugs and prove clinical efficacy in TBI is a major challenge ahead for the research community and the drug industry. For a successful translation of basic science knowledge to the clinic to occur we believe that a further refinement of animal models and functional outcome methods is important. In the clinical setting, improved patient classification, more homogenous patient cohorts in clinical trials, standardized treatment strategies, improved central nervous system drug delivery systems and monitoring of target drug levels and drug effects is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.