Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21174633›Full record

ArticleTissue engineering. Part C, Methods2011

Simultaneous application of interstitial flow and cyclic mechanical strain to a three-dimensional cell-seeded hydrogel.

Peter A Galie, Jan P Stegemann

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Peter A GalieDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Jan P Stegemann

Funding

Microfluidics in Biomedical Sciences Training ProgramT32EB005582 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI FAN, XUDONG · 2005 to 2020
$3.9M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present study describes the design and validation of a simple apparatus to apply simultaneous mechanical and fluidic stress to three-dimensional (3D) cell-seeded collagen hydrogels. Constructs were formed in wells in a silicone substrate that could be stretched cyclically, and were also fitted with inlet ports to apply fluid flow. Acid etching was used to retain adhesion of the gels to the walls of the well, and an acellular layer of collagen hydrogel was used to distribute flow evenly. Finite element modeling showed that 5% uniaxial strain applied to the entire silicone substrate resulted in ∼6.5% strain in each of the gel constructs. Permeability testing and flow observation showed that acellular hydrogels were fourfold more permeable than cardiac fibroblast-seeded gels, and that the fluid distributed evenly in the acellular layer before entering the cell-seeded gel. Viability testing and imaging demonstrated that cells remained viable with expected fibroblast morphology for the 120 h duration of the experiments. These results demonstrate that this simple bioreactor can be used to study the effects of mechanical strain and interstitial flow in 3D protein hydrogels. Such 3D tissue models have utility in studying cell and tissue responses to their mechanical environment.

Indexed as

RheologyStress, MechanicalAdhesivenessAnimalsCell SurvivalCollagenDimethylpolysiloxanesFibroblastsFinite Element AnalysisHydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol DimethacrylateMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningPermeabilityRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyTissue EngineeringCollagenDimethylpolysiloxanesHydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate

Identifiers

PMID21174633
PMCPMC4056457

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.