ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2011
Primary versus secondary hypertension in children followed up at an outpatient tertiary unit.
Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular implications in adolescent and young adult hypertension.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of Secondary Hypertension in Otherwise Healthy Youths with a New Diagnosis of Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis.The Journal of pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Position Statement From a Panel of Multidisciplinary Experts Coordinated by the French Society of Hypertension.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with primary hypertension: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Current etiology of hypertension in European children - factors associated with primary hypertension.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Secondary Hypertension in Children-Identifying and Investigating at Risk Children.Current hypertension reports · 2025Review
- Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of hypertension for Korean children and adolescents: the Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2025Article
- Diagnostic evaluation of the hypertensive child.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Yield of diagnostic testing in evaluating etiology and end organ effects of pediatric hypertension.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Demographics of childhood hypertension in the UK: a report from the Southeast England.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- Postnatal urinary tract dilatation classification: improvement of the accuracy in predicting kidney injury.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Article
- Article
- Ultrasound imaging of renin-mediated hypertension.Pediatric radiology · 2017Review
- Remedial operations for failed endovascular therapy of 32 renal artery stenoses in 24 children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2016Article
- Essential hypertension vs. secondary hypertension among children.American journal of hypertension · 2015Observational
- Essential pediatric hypertension: defining the educational needs of primary care pediatricians.BMC medical education · 2014Article
- Renal sonography with Doppler for detecting suspected pediatric renin-mediated hypertension - is it adequate?Pediatric radiology · 2014Article
- Hypertension associated with coarctation of the aorta revisited: case-based update from experience of three children.Case reports in pediatrics · 2013Article
- Clinical course of 822 children with prenatally detected nephrouropathies.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Childhood hypertension has classically been recognized as a secondary disease. However, primary hypertension also occurs in children. The aim of this study was to compare clinical features of pediatric patients with elevated blood pressure, which were referred to an outpatient tertiary unit, and to detect variables associated with the identification of primary hypertension. The records of 220 patients with hypertension followed between 1996 and 2006 were analyzed. The variable of interest was primary hypertension. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify clinical variables that were independently associated with primary hypertension. Of 220 patients, 33 (15%) had primary hypertension, and 187 (85%) exhibited secondary hypertension. No statistically significant differences were detected in gender, race, age at diagnosis, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure levels between both groups. After adjustment, four variables at baseline remained independently associated with primary hypertension: absence of signs/symptoms (OR 18.87, 95% CI 6.32-56.29), normal serum creatinine (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00-0.27), family history of hypertension (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.04-8.79), and elevated body weight (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10). The absence of signs/symptoms, normal serum creatinine, family history of hypertension, and overweight/obesity at admission are clues to diagnose primary hypertension in childhood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.