ArticleAIDS (London, England)2011
Multiple independent lineages of HIV-1 persist in breast milk and plasma.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00310726 (Short Duration Exclusive Breastfeeding With Abrupt Weaning to Reduce the Risk of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Short Duration Exclusive Breastfeeding With Abrupt Weaning to Reduce the Risk of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Higher HIV-1 evolutionary rate is associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations in infants.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Unique genotypic features of HIV-1 C gp41 membrane proximal external region variants during pregnancy relate to mother-to-child transmission via breastfeeding.Journal of clinical pediatrics and neonatology · 2021Article
- Breast milk and in utero transmission of HIV-1 select for envelope variants with unique molecular signatures.Retrovirology · 2017Article
- Phylogenetics and Phyloanatomy of HIV/SIV Intra-Host Compartments and Reservoirs: The Key Role of the Central Nervous System.Current HIV research · 2016Review
- Article
- Reliable reconstruction of HIV-1 whole genome haplotypes reveals clonal interference and genetic hitchhiking among immune escape variants.Retrovirology · 2014Article
- Clonal amplification and maternal-infant transmission of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 variants in breast milk following single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis.Retrovirology · 2013Article
- Immunology of pediatric HIV infection.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- The oral mucosa immune environment and oral transmission of HIV/SIV.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- The intra-host evolutionary and population dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: a phylogenetic perspective.Infectious disease reports · 2013Review
- HIV-1 concentrations in human breast milk before and after weaning.Science translational medicine · 2013Article
- Incidence and correlates of HIV-1 RNA detection in the breast milk of women receiving HAART for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission.PloS one · 2012Article
- The breadth and potency of passively acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific neutralizing antibodies do not correlate with the risk of infant infection.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- A novel methodology for large-scale phylogeny partition.Nature communications · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
designthe origin and evolution of HIV-1 in breast milk is unclear, despite the continuing significance of this tissue as a transmitting compartment. To elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of viral populations in a transient mucosal compartment, longitudinal sequences of the envelope glycoprotein (gp120) region from plasma and breast milk spanning the first year after delivery were analyzed in six women infected by HIV-1 subtype C.
methodsmultiple phylogenetic algorithms were used to elucidate the evolutionary history and spatial structure of virus populations between tissues.
resultsoverall persistent mixing of viral sequences between plasma and breast milk indicated that breast milk is not a distinct genetic viral compartment. Unexpectedly, longitudinal phylogenies showed multiple lineages defined by long branches that included virus from both the breast milk and the plasma. Plasma was unlikely the anatomical origin of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in at least three of the patients, although in other women, the temporal origin of the MRCA of the viral populations following delivery occurred well before the onset of breast milk production.
conclusionsthese findings suggest that during pregnancy/lactation, a viral variant distinct from the plasma virus initially seeds the breast milk, followed by subsequent gene flow between the plasma and breast milk tissues. This study indicates the potential for reactivation or reintroduction of distinct lineages during major immunological disruptions during the course of natural infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.