Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21172606›Full record

ReviewNeuron2010

Sleep state switching.

Clifford B Saper, Patrick M Fuller, Nigel P Pedersen, Jun Lu, Thomas E Scammell

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neuron, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 638 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
638citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
32.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

638 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,363 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Sharp and smooth state transitions during resting state brain dynamics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Sleep as a psychiatric vital sign, not just a symptom.Dusunen adam : Bakirkoy Ruh ve Sinir Hastaliklari Hastanesi yayin organi · 2026
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Uncoupling immobility and unconsciousness.British journal of anaesthesia · 2026
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. A molecular integrator of sleep duration and interruption.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

578 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Clifford B SaperDepartment of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. csaper@bidmc.harvard.edu
Patrick M Fuller
Nigel P Pedersen
Jun Lu
Thomas E Scammell
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · US

Funding

Wakefulness and Forebrain Activation by Orexin NeuronsP01HL095491 · NHLBI · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI WELLMAN, DAVID ANDREW · 2010 to 2019
$25.1M
TRANSPLANTATION ANALYSIS OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND AGINGP01AG009975 · NIA · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI QUAN, STUART F. · 1991 to 2018
$23.1M
VLPO Lesion Induced Sleep Interruption and AdenosineP50HL060292 · NHLBI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI ARRIGONI, ELDA · 1998 to 2007
$15.0M
Molecular-Genetic Dissection of Subcortical Circuitry Regulating ArousalR01NS073613 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Patrick M Fuller · 2011 to 2026
$5.5M
Circuitry for Circadian RhythmsR01NS072337 · NINDS · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI SAPER, CLIFFORD B · 2010 to 2023
$4.8M
Orexin and the Control of CataplexyR01NS055367 · NINDS · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI SCAMMELL, THOMAS E · 2007 to 2011
$1.9M
NHLBI NIH HHS HL095491NHLBI NIH HHS HL60292NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL095491NHLBI NIH HHS P50 HL060292NIA NIH HHS AG09975NIA NIH HHS P01 AG009975NINDS NIH HHS NS055367NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS055367NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS072337NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS073613
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We take for granted the ability to fall asleep or to snap out of sleep into wakefulness, but these changes in behavioral state require specific switching mechanisms in the brain that allow well-defined state transitions. In this review, we examine the basic circuitry underlying the regulation of sleep and wakefulness and discuss a theoretical framework wherein the interactions between reciprocal neuronal circuits enable relatively rapid and complete state transitions. We also review how homeostatic, circadian, and allostatic drives help regulate sleep state switching and discuss how breakdown of the switching mechanism may contribute to sleep disorders such as narcolepsy.

Indexed as

AnimalsCircadian RhythmHumansNerve NetSleepSleep StagesSleep Wake DisordersWakefulness

Identifiers

PMID21172606
PMCPMC3026325
OpenAlexW2011580879

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.