ArticleJournal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews2010
Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of comfrey.
Article in Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- The potential application of natural products in cutaneous wound healing: A review of preclinical evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- A screening strategy for identifying the developmental and reproductive toxicity potential of botanicals.Pharmaceutical biology · 2026Review
- Ethnopharmacological insights intoFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Complementary therapies in early breast cancer: Oncologists' evidence-based decisions in a Southeast European vignette survey.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- From Vision to Reality: Five Years of the Botanical Safety Consortium.Pharmaceutical biology · 2025Review
- Integration of computational models to predict botanical phytochemical constituent clearance routes by the Extended Clearance Classification System (ECCS).Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive safety evaluation ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Metabolites Obtained from Boraginaceae Plants as Potential Cosmetic Ingredients-A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Advancing botanical safety: A strategy for selecting, sourcing, and characterizing botanicals for developing toxicological tools.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2024Article
- HPLC-HESI-MS/MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds fromPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Multi-Response Optimization of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Removal fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Rumen Metabolism ofJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2022Article
- Article
- Metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids.Archives of toxicology · 2021Review
- Genotoxicity of Water Extract from Bark-RemovedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Evaluation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced genotoxicity using metabolically competent TK6 cell lines.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2020Article
- Comparative Assessment of Phytochemical Profiles of Comfrey (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Review
- In vitro biotransformation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in different species. Part I: Microsomal degradation.Archives of toxicology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Comfrey has been consumed by humans as a vegetable and a tea and used as an herbal medicine for more than 2000 years. Comfrey, however, produces hepatotoxicity in livestock and humans and carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Comfrey contains as many as 14 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), including 7-acetylintermedine, 7-acetyllycopsamine, echimidine, intermedine, lasiocarpine, lycopsamine, myoscorpine, symlandine, symphytine, and symviridine. The mechanisms underlying comfrey-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity are still not fully understood. The available evidence suggests that the active metabolites of PA in comfrey interact with DNA in liver endothelial cells and hepatocytes, resulting in DNA damage, mutation induction, and cancer development. Genotoxicities attributed to comfrey and riddelliine (a representative genotoxic PA and a proven rodent mutagen and carcinogen) are discussed in this review. Both of these compounds induced similar profiles of 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP)-derived DNA adducts and similar mutation spectra. Further, the two agents share common mechanisms of drug metabolism and carcinogenesis. Overall, comfrey is mutagenic in liver, and PA contained in comfrey appear to be responsible for comfrey-induced toxicity and tumor induction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.