ArticlePloS one2010
Direct injection of functional single-domain antibodies from E. coli into human cells.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- A cell-permeable nanobody to restore F508del cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activity.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Nanobody-Based Drug Delivery: Emerging Strategies for Targeted Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Nanobody Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Translational Approaches.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mechanistic Insights into the Tools for Intracellular Protein Delivery.Chem & bio engineering · 2025Review
- Discovery of nanobodies: a comprehensive review of their applications and potential over the past five years.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Cytosolic delivery of monobodies using the bacterial type III secretion system inhibits oncogenic BCR: ABL1 signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Secretion of functional interferon by the type 3 secretion system of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Anti-CTLA-4 nanobody as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
- Engineered Escherichia coli for the in situ secretion of therapeutic nanobodies in the gut.Cell host & microbe · 2023Article
- Recruitment of heterologous substrates by bacterial secretion systems for transkingdom translocation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- The Oncobiome in Gastroenteric and Genitourinary Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Enhanced protein translocation to mammalian cells by expression of EtgA transglycosylase in a synthetic injector E. coli strain.Microbial cell factories · 2022Article
- Synthetic biology: at the crossroads of genetic engineering and human therapeutics-a Keystone Symposia report.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2021Review
- Applying Antibodies Inside Cells: Principles and Recent Advances in Neurobiology, Virology and Oncology.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2020Review
- Salmonella-based platform for efficient delivery of functional binding proteins to the cytosol.Communications biology · 2020Article
- LITESEC-T3SS - Light-controlled protein delivery into eukaryotic cells with high spatial and temporal resolution.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Nanobodies: Next Generation of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Impact of the microbiome on cancer progression and response to anti-cancer therapies.Advances in cancer research · 2019Review
- Chromobodies to Quantify Changes of Endogenous Protein Concentration in Living Cells.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2018Article
- Rationale redesign of type III secretion systems: toward the development of non-pathogenic E. coli for in vivo delivery of therapeutic payloads.Current opinion in microbiology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Intracellular proteins have a great potential as targets for therapeutic antibodies (Abs) but the plasma membrane prevents access to these antigens. Ab fragments and IgGs are selected and engineered in E. coli and this microorganism may be also an ideal vector for their intracellular delivery. In this work we demonstrate that single-domain Ab (sdAbs) can be engineered to be injected into human cells by E. coli bacteria carrying molecular syringes assembled by a type III protein secretion system (T3SS). The injected sdAbs accumulate in the cytoplasm of HeLa cells at levels ca. 10⁵-10⁶ molecules per cell and their functionality is shown by the isolation of sdAb-antigen complexes. Injection of sdAbs does not require bacterial invasion or the transfer of genetic material. These results are proof-of-principle for the capacity of E. coli bacteria to directly deliver intracellular sdAbs (intrabodies) into human cells for analytical and therapeutic purposes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.