ArticleJournal of bacteriology2011
H-NS binding and repression of the ctx promoter in Vibrio cholerae.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global transmission and distribution of phage-encoded cholera toxin genes constrained by toxin-repression genes and anti-phage defense systems.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Dam-dependent epigenetic memory regulates prophage reintegration in Salmonella.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Nucleoid-associated proteins shape the global protein occupancy and transcriptional landscape of a clinical isolate ofmSphere · 2024Article
- Attenuation of a DNA cruciform by a conserved regulator directs T3SS1 mediated virulence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Serotype conversion geneFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- H-NS and ToxT Inversely Control Cholera Toxin Production by Binding to Overlapping DNA Sequences.Journal of bacteriology · 2021Article
- TsrA Regulates Virulence and Intestinal Colonization inmSphere · 2020Article
- Targeting of cholera toxin A (Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2020Article
- Deciphering the possible role of ctxB7 allele on higher production of cholera toxin by Haitian variant Vibrio cholerae O1.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Direct Binding and Regulation by Fur and HapR of the Intermediate Regulator and Virulence Factor Genes Within the ToxR Virulence Regulon inFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Transcription of Bacterial Chromatin.Journal of molecular biology · 2019Review
- Identification of common highly expressed genes of Salmonella Enteritidis by in silico prediction of gene expression and in vitro transcriptomic analysis.Poultry science · 2019Article
- Conversion of aFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Molecular basis for the differential expression of the global regulator VieA in Vibrio cholerae biotypes directed by H-NS, LeuO and quorum sensing.Molecular microbiology · 2018Article
- Regulatory Hierarchies Controlling Virulence Gene Expression inFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- H-NS: an overarching regulator of the Vibrio cholerae life cycle.Research in microbiology · 2017Review
- Article
- Staying Alive: Vibrio cholerae's Cycle of Environmental Survival, Transmission, and Dissemination.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Review
- ToxR Antagonizes H-NS Regulation of Horizontally Acquired Genes to Drive Host Colonization.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Vibrio cholerae Biofilms and Cholera Pathogenesis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Expression of the ctx and tcp genes, which encode cholera toxin and the toxin coregulated pilus, the Vibrio cholerae O1 virulence determinants having the largest contribution to cholera disease, is repressed by the nucleoid-associated protein H-NS and activated by the AraC-like transcriptional regulator ToxT. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which H-NS controls transcription of the ctxAB operon, H-NS repression and binding were characterized by using a promoter truncation series, gel mobility shift assays, and DNase I footprinting. Promoter regions found to be important for H-NS repression correlated with in vitro binding. Four main H-NS binding regions are present at ctx. One region overlaps the high-affinity ToxT binding site and extends upstream, another overlaps the ToxT low-affinity binding site around the -35 element, and the remaining two are located adjacent to one another downstream of the transcriptional start site. Competition for binding to the overlapping H-NS/ToxT binding sites was observed in gel mobility shift assays, where ToxT was found to displace H-NS from the ctx promoter region. In addition, regulatory differences between the ctx and tcpA promoters were examined. H-NS was found to have a higher relative binding affinity for the ctx promoter than for the tcpA promoter in vitro. In contrast to ToxT-dependent activation of the tcpA promoter, ToxT activation of ctx did not require the C-terminal domain of the α-subunit of RNA polymerase. These findings demonstrate that transcriptional regulation of ctx and tcpA by H-NS and ToxT is mechanistically distinct, and this may lead to important differences in the expression of these coregulated genes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.