Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21167193›Full record

ReviewVision research2011

The genetics of normal and defective color vision.

Jay Neitz, Maureen Neitz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Vision research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
144citing papers in PubMed
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

144 citing papers in PubMed, 363 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Impact of ChromaGen lenses on colour vision test performance of individuals with congenital colour vision deficiency.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Color Graphics: Can Everyone See Them?Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Assessment of the Penn anomaloscope.Biomedical optics express · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Achromatic loci in normal and anomalous trichromats.Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision · 2025
    Article
  17. iPhone-based anomaloscope for accessible, accurate color vision testing.Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision · 2025
    Article
  18. Color Maps: Facilitating the Clinical Impact of Quantitative MRI.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jay NeitzUniversity of Washington, Dept. of Ophthalmology, Seattle, WA 98195, United States. jneitz@uw.edu
Maureen Neitz
University of Washington · US

Funding

Vision Research CoreP30EY001730 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI MAUREEN E NEITZ · 1985 to 2026
$23.5M
MORPHOLOGY MODULEP30EY001931 · NEI · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI LINK, BRIAN A · 1985 to 2016
$9.8M
EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION OF CONE PIGMENT GENESR01EY009620 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI NEITZ, JAY · 1992 to 2011
$5.5M
GENES AND VISUAL PIGMENTS OF RED/GREEN COLOR VISIONR01EY009303 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI NEITZ, MAUREEN E · 1991 to 2013
$5.2M
Exploring plasticity of the adult visual system using viral gene deliveryR01EY016861 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI NEITZ, MAUREEN E · 2007 to 2015
$3.5M
NEI NIH HHS EY016861NEI NIH HHS EY01730NEI NIH HHS EY01931NEI NIH HHS EY09303NEI NIH HHS EY09620NEI NIH HHS P30 EY001730NEI NIH HHS P30 EY001931NEI NIH HHS R01 EY009303NEI NIH HHS R01 EY009620NEI NIH HHS R01 EY016861
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The contributions of genetics research to the science of normal and defective color vision over the previous few decades are reviewed emphasizing the developments in the 25years since the last anniversary issue of Vision Research. Understanding of the biology underlying color vision has been vaulted forward through the application of the tools of molecular genetics. For all their complexity, the biological processes responsible for color vision are more accessible than for many other neural systems. This is partly because of the wealth of genetic variations that affect color perception, both within and across species, and because components of the color vision system lend themselves to genetic manipulation. Mutations and rearrangements in the genes encoding the long, middle, and short wavelength sensitive cone pigments are responsible for color vision deficiencies and mutations have been identified that affect the number of cone types, the absorption spectra of the pigments, the functionality and viability of the cones, and the topography of the cone mosaic. The addition of an opsin gene, as occurred in the evolution of primate color vision, and has been done in experimental animals can produce expanded color vision capacities and this has provided insight into the underlying neural circuitry.

Indexed as

MutationAnimalsColor PerceptionColor Vision DefectsHumansRetinal Cone Photoreceptor CellsRetinal PigmentsRetinal Rod Photoreceptor CellsRetinal Pigments

Identifiers

PMID21167193
PMCPMC3075382
OpenAlexW2159975746

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.