Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21166903›Full record

ArticleMolecular microbiology2011

Cell cycle-dependent, intercellular transmission of Toxoplasma gondii is accompanied by marked changes in parasite gene expression.

Rajshekhar Y Gaji, Michael S Behnke, Margaret M Lehmann, Michael W White, Vern B Carruthers

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Elucidating the Role ofBiomolecules · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Metabolic changes to host cells withbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. The Modular Circuitry of Apicomplexan Cell Division Plasticity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021
    Review
  17. Article
  18. ApiAP2 Transcription Factors in Apicomplexan Parasites.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019
    Review
  19. Review
  20. A Window toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Rajshekhar Y GajiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Michael S Behnke
Margaret M Lehmann
Michael W White
Vern B Carruthers
Montana State University · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · USUniversity of South Florida · US

Funding

MICRONEME FUNCTION IN TOXOPLASMAR01AI046675 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI CARRUTHERS, VERNON BRUCE · 2000 to 2021
$6.5M
Proteolytic modulation of toxoplasma invasion proteinsR01AI063263 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI CARRUTHERS, VERNON BRUCE · 2009 to 2013
$1.9M
Essential Cell Cycle Mechanisms in ToxoplasmaR01AI077662 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI WHITE, MICHAEL W · 2009 to 2013
$1.8M
eQTL analysis of Toxoplasma developmentR21AI076078 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI WHITE, MICHAEL W · 2007 to 2008
$394k
NIAID NIH HHS AI046675NIAID NIH HHS AI076078NIAID NIH HHS AI077662NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI046675NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI063263NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI077662NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI076078
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intracellular microbes have evolved efficient strategies for transitioning from one cell to another in a process termed intercellular transmission. Here we show that host cell transmission of the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is closely tied to specific cell cycle distributions, with egress and reinvasion occurring most proficiently by parasites in the G1 phase. We also reveal that Toxoplasma undergoes marked changes in mRNA expression when transitioning from the extracellular environment to its intracellular niche. These mRNA level changes reflect a modal switch from expression of proteins involved in invasion, motility and signal transduction in extracellular parasites to expression of metabolic and DNA replication proteins in intracellular parasites. Host cell binding and signalling associated with the discharge of parasite secretory proteins was not sufficient to induce this switch in gene expression, suggesting that the regulatory mechanisms responsible are tied to the establishment of the intracellular environment. The genes whose expression increased after parasite invasion belong to a progressive cascade known to underlie the parasite division cycle indicating that the unique relationship between the G1 phase and invasion effectively synchronizes short-term population growth. This work provides new insight into how this highly successful parasite competently transits from cell to cell.

Indexed as

Cell CycleGene Expression RegulationCells, CulturedFibroblastsGene Expression ProfilingHost-Parasite InteractionsHumansSignal TransductionToxoplasma

Identifiers

PMID21166903
PMCPMC3075969
OpenAlexW2149818238

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.