ArticleMetabolic syndrome and related disorders2011
Metabolic syndrome components are associated with future medical costs independent of cardiovascular hospitalization and incident diabetes.
Article in Metabolic syndrome and related disorders, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lifestyle Intervention for Sustained Remission of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Multi-study analysis reveals dynamic postprandial biomarkers for metabolic syndrome by low-level fusion of multi-platform data from nutritional challenge test studies.Genes & nutrition · 2026Article
- The Economic Impact of Cumulative Metabolic Comorbidity Burden in Schizophrenia: A Claims-Based Analysis of Medical Costs in the United States.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Longitudinal economic burden of incident complications among metabolic syndrome populations.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Plasma metabolic fingerprints for large-scale screening and personalized risk stratification of metabolic syndrome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Obesity and metabolic state are associated with increased healthcare resource and medication use and costs: a Finnish population-based study.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2023Article
- Does Maintained Medical Aid Coverage Affect Healthy Lifestyle Factors, Metabolic Syndrome-Related Health Status, and Individuals' Use of Healthcare Services?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Kidney Adaptations Prevent Loss of Trace Elements in Wistar Rats with Early Metabolic Syndrome.Biological trace element research · 2021Article
- Predictive costs in medical care for Koreans with metabolic syndrome from 2009 to 2013 based on the National Health Insurance claims dataset.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2020Article
- Phytosome Loading the Combined Extract of Mulberry Fruit and Ginger Protects against Cerebral Ischemia in Metabolic Syndrome Rats.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Article
- Pdgfrα-Cre mediated knockout of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor protects mice from high-fat diet induced obesity and hepatic steatosis.PloS one · 2020Article
- Metabolic Syndrome With Aortic Arterial Stiffness And First Hospitalization Or Mortality In Coronary Artery Disease Patients.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2019Article
- Article
- Existence of a Strong Correlation of Biomarkers and miRNA in Females with Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity in a Population of West Virginia.International journal of medical sciences · 2017Article
- Clinical consequences and economic costs of untreated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2015Review
- Challenges and Opportunities in Scaling-Up Nutrition in Healthcare.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Review
- Tumor necrosis factor- α and interleukin-6: potential interorgan inflammatory mediators contributing to destructive periodontal disease in obesity or metabolic syndrome.Mediators of inflammation · 2013Review
- Efficacy of vitamin D3-fortified-yogurt drink on anthropometric, metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers according to vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetic patients: a study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC endocrine disorders · 2011Article
- Elderly women with metabolic syndrome present higher cardiovascular risk and lower relative muscle strength.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigher medical care costs have been associated with the number of metabolic syndrome components present, but the association with future medical costs has not been described. Furthermore, the independent cost contribution of each component alone and in combination with other components is unknown.
methodsWe identified 57,420 nondiabetic adults aged ≥30 with all metabolic syndrome components measured in 2003-2004 and with 5 years of follow-up data available. We calculated and compared total annualized direct medical costs across the number of metabolic syndrome components present and for all possible combinations of metabolic syndrome components. The independent contribution to costs of each component was isolated by adjusting for age, sex, the other metabolic syndrome components, incident diabetes, number of years with diabetes, cardiovascular (CVD) hospitalization, and years after hospitalization.
resultsAnnualized age- and sex-adjusted medical costs incurred over follow-up increased with each additional metabolic syndrome component present. After full adjustment, hypertension ($550), obesity ($366), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ($363), and high triglycerides ($317) were significantly associated with higher annual costs (P < 0.001 for all), but impaired fasting glucose was not. Further analysis indicated that costs were significantly elevated for each of these components only among those who did not develop diabetes or were not hospitalized for CVD.
conclusionsIncident diabetes or CVD hospitalizations accounted for the association between each metabolic syndrome component and future costs when these events occurred, but the elevated costs associated with metabolic syndrome components were observed even when these events did not occur. Further research is needed to understand the underlying morbidity that is driving the increased costs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.