ArticleJournal of chemical ecology2011
Ontogeny of tetrodotoxin levels in blue-ringed octopuses: maternal investment and apparent independent production in offspring of Hapalochlaena lunulata.
Article in Journal of chemical ecology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Animal medical systems from Apis to apes: history, recent advances and future perspectives.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Tetrodotoxins in Larval Development of Ribbon Worm Cephalothrix cf. simula (Palaeonemertea, Nemertea).Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- A review of chemical defense in harlequin toads (Bufonidae:Toxicon: X · 2022Review
- Article
- Sodium channels and pain: from toxins to therapies.British journal of pharmacology · 2018Review
- Age- and environment-dependent changes in chemical defences of larval and post-metamorphic toads.BMC evolutionary biology · 2017Article
- Intracellular immunohistochemical detection of tetrodotoxin in Pleurobranchaea maculata (Gastropoda) and Stylochoplana sp. (Turbellaria).Marine drugs · 2015Article
- Maternally derived chemical defences are an effective deterrent against some predators of poison frog tadpoles (Oophaga pumilio).Biology letters · 2014Article
- Review
- Article
- Diversity and biosynthetic potential of culturable microbes associated with toxic marine animals.Marine drugs · 2013Article
- Depuration of tetrodotoxin and changes in bacterial communities in Pleurobranchea maculata adults and egg masses maintained in captivity.Journal of chemical ecology · 2012Article
- Tetrodotoxin concentrations in Pleurobranchaea maculata: temporal, spatial and individual variability from New Zealand populations.Marine drugs · 2012Article
- Maternal care shapes an aposematic display and provides lifelong protection against predators.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many organisms provision offspring with antipredator chemicals. Adult blue-ringed octopuses (Hapalochlaena spp.) harbor tetrodotoxin (TTX), which may be produced by symbiotic bacteria. Regardless of the ultimate source, we find that females invest TTX into offspring and offspring TTX levels are significantly correlated with female TTX levels. Because diversion of TTX to offspring begins during the earliest stages of egg formation, when females are still actively foraging and looking for mates, females may face an evolutionary tradeoff between provisioning larger stores of TTX in eggs and retaining that TTX for their own defense and offense (venom). Given that total TTX levels appear to increase during development and that female TTX levels correlate with those of offspring, investment may be an active adaptive process. Even after eggs have been laid, TTX levels continue to increase, suggesting that offspring or their symbionts begin producing TTX independently. The maternal investment of TTX in offspring of Hapalochlaena spp. represents a rare examination of chemical defenses, excepting ink, in cephalopods.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21165679What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.